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Introduction
THE
CREATIVE
ZONE
The term Graphic and Stickers origin.The‘graphicons,’ is a blend of ‘graphical’ and ‘icons.’ It was proposed by (Herring & Dainas, 2017:2185) to refer to types of “graphical devices found on contemporary social media platforms: emoticons, stickers, GIFs, images, and videos.”
The problem
#1
The Research Question
Users currently have two common options to reflect their needs, namely, stickers or/and emojis. What makes them different is that each one has its features. Thus we try to answer the following question.
Make
Subtopics
RQ1: What are the features that make stickers distinctive?
Next, due to the fact that users usually use different stickers to fulfill different needs. We posed the question of :
RQ2: Which functions can the stickers serve in the related community?
Another indicator of conversationality in the usage of the stickers is to find out which functions are specific to Oman culture and social life. Thus we ask:
RQ3: How does the usage of these stickers reflect Omani culture and social life?
Title
The Data Set
C
The data set is collected from naturally occurring conversations in WhatsApp messages. The group composed of 205 university students who are studying at the Business Department in Oman. A The total number of active students around (25). Others just received and read the messages.
Title
Most of the text messages have academic and educational themes except for some instances where there are national based events that attract the attention of the students. All the names are anonymous. The analysis is based on their phone numbers, not on names.
Title
The posts that served as prompts for the threads were dated between November 16, 2018, and December 16, 2018. The group threads included 2,888 comments and 975 stickers used by female college students. The data set is limited to a group of stickers used in open group discussion. To facilitate the process of the analysis, the data saved as PDF file that show the number, the timing of the message, the written messages, and the emoji but not the stickers or other media texts. The PDF file helps in coding the messages in the comment thread.
Analytical Method
5.One of the main assumptions of this study is that each sticker occurrence potentially expresses different meanings and functions in conversational interaction, where ‘conversation’ is used as a message to exchange Omani’s needs in WhatsApp comment threads.
Title
The study is based on Dresner and Herring (2010) where they link the functions of the emoticons with the speech act theory. Taking into account the discourse context surrounding each instance of sticker use, all 975 cases of sticker used in the dataset were analyzed. The variations in the functions detected based on usage of these stickers along with the short written tag or on the conversations that may precede or follow the stickers.
Title
To simplify the process of classifying the functions, stickers are categorized following Li & Yang (2018) to fill in one of the following functions: Attitude, Turn-taking/giving, Backchannel device, Illocutionary force modifier, and Humor.
Data Analysis
.What are the criteria that make stickers distinctive?
Data Analysis
Variations in Forms
Stickers are employed in various context to reflect contextualized meaning. Users of WhatsApp employ different techniques to invent their stickers that suit their own needs. Some of them are based on favorite people’s photo or common phrases, whereas others have only written sentences or phrases in Arabic or English languages.
In this study, the stickers are classified into three groups:
Data Analysis
A/Written tag-based stickers (they have Arabic famous or common phrases or prayers).
B/Photo-based stickers (which has a photo of famous people including actors, presidents, football player, musical bands…etc with a short written tag).
C/ However, there are cases where the used photos have no written tags.