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Plane

flat 2-D surface

Texture

physical feel of the surface

Shading

Atmospheric perspective

gradation of lights and darks to show volume

Linear perspective

Pattern

something repeated

using angled lines to show depth

using fading in background to show depth

Claude Lorrain was a French painter, draughtsman and engraver of the Baroque era

Glossary Art Terms

Fine art

Volume

3-D form with mass or space inside

Mass

art for ideas, expression, and beauty (example painting)

Matte paintings from feature films with aerial perspective employed.

Context

solid 3-D form

Geometric shape

social environment of art including history

regular bounded form (example square)

Realistic scale

Aesthetics

making art look beautiful

size as in real life

Hieratic scale

large is important, small is not

Directional line

Foreshortening

points to something for emphasis

using angles and proportion to show how a figure turns in space

Maurits Cornelis Escher

17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972), usually referred to as M. C. Escher, was a Dutch graphic artist. He is known for his often mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints. These feature impossible constructions, explorations of infinity, architecture, and tessellations.

Content

The School of Athens, or Scuola di Atene in Italian, is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael.

meaning in art

GENERAL TERMS

Diminishing scale

STYLE TERMS

Style

smaller in the background to show distance

Fresco painting

Organic shape

irregular bounded form (example

an identifying appearance, Jeff Koons

pigments in water on wall of wet plaster

Applied art

art for a practical function (example architecture)

Scale

Las Meninas by Velazquez

size

Implied line

Zaha Hadid's One Thousand Museum Miami tower

not drawn, connect the dots or edges

Abstract style

depicting recognizable things but not realistically

Subject matter

what is depicted in art

Casting

additive sculptural process using a mold to form material

Composition

Carving

Hieratic proportion

SCULPTURE

subtractive sculptural process that removes material

large is important, small is not

3-D object making,

Hajime Sorayama, Yayoi Kusama

Albrecht Dürer - Melencolia I

Representational style

depicting recognizable things in the world

how large shapes are organized in a work

Media

Idealized style

MEDIA TERMS

materials and techniques to make art

made perfect

Realistic style

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, oil on oak panels, 205.5 cm × 384.9 cm (81 in × 152 in), Museo del Prado, Madrid

made to look as our eyes see in the real world,

Carole Feuerman

Realistic proportion

Modeling

Oil painting

additive sculptural process using materials such as clay

pigments in oil usually on wood or canvas

Tempera painting

pigments in egg often on paper or vellum

size relationships as in real life

Cultural style

Sandro Botticelli

from a large or distinct geographic area (example African, Seminole)

Non-representational style

depicting no recognizable things, only formal elements

Formalism

Individual style

Formalism is the study of art based solely on an analysis of its form – the way it is made and what it looks like

of one specific and distinct artist (example Van Gogh, Kaws)

Line

mark made by a moving point

In art history, formalism is the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Definition of PERSPECTIVE

the technique or process of representing on a plane or curved surface the spatial relation of objects as they might appear to the eye; specifically : representation in a drawing or painting of parallel lines as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance

PRINTMAKING

using an inked plate to make multiple images usually on paper

Guernica is a mural-sized oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed by June 1937.

Period style

Movement style

Contour line

goes around something

Katsushika Hokusai The Underwave off Kanagawa, 1829/1833, color woodcut, Rijksmuseum Collection

group style (Example Impressionism),

Pop Art

determined by dates, usually centuries (example Renaissance)

Real line

Egon Schiele

PAINTING

actually drawn

Recessed printmaking

2-D picture making using pigments in

ink held in grooves below the surface of the plate

Relief printmaking

Leonardo da Vinci

ink held on areas raised above the surface of the plate

etching or engraving

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes - The sleep of reason produces monsters (No. 43), from Los Caprichos

woodblock print

The fourth woodcut of the Apocalypse series, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1498)

DATE TERMS

Rhythm

Symmetry

Calendar, 2022:

moving the eye through a work

Hebrew: 30 Av 5782

Muharram 29, 1444 AH

Persian: 28 Muharram (1) 1444 Hijri

Mayan: 2 Zip

Indian Civil Calendar: 1937

Unix time() value: 1431561600

Excel Serial Day Number:42138

Date System (Macintosh): 40676

Asymmetry

BCE (BC) : before the common era or birth of Jesus; must be written

CE (AD) : after the common era or birth of Jesus; usually not written

Centuries: 434 BCE is the 5th century BCE; 1801 is the 19th century

visual balance that looks equal on each side (mirroring)

Proportion

visual balance that looks unequal on each side

size relationships of parts to a whole

FORMAL TERMS

Paul Jackson Pollock, known as Jackson Pollock, was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his unique style of drip painting.

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