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T h e B i o g r a p h y o f

Oliver Cromwell

Birth Place:

Early Life

Huntingdon, England.

April 25th 1599- September 3rd 1658

At 21, he married Elizabeth Bourchier

Siblings & Parents

Parents: Elizabeth Stuard and Robert Cromwell.

Siblings: Anna Cromwell, Margaret Cromwell, Joan Cromwell, Robert Cromwell Jr and Catherine Cromwell.

Children

Oliver Cromwell had 9 children:

Richard Cromwell, Henry Cromwell,

Elizabeth Claypole,

Bridget Cromwell,

Mary Cromwell,

Robert Cromwell,

James Cromwell,

Oliver Cromwell

Frances Cromwell.

Timelines

Cromwell Time line

06

02

04

Christmas and other religious holidays banned

Cromwell becomes Lord Protector

Spiritual awakening - sold property and moved to a farm in St Ives

1641

1643

1647

Start of English Cival war

Cromwell became a member of Parlament

Cromwell becomes second in command in the ~New Model Army"

1642

11645

05

03

1628

01

Key Battles of Civil War

Civil War Timeline

04

Battle of Naseby

Battle of Newbury

02

14/07/1645

20/09/1643

Battle of Marston Moor

02/07/1644

03

Battle of Edge Hill

20/10/1642

01

More Battle info

Battle of Edgehill

23 October 1642

  • 13,500 – the estimated size of the Royalist army.
  • 12,500 – the estimated size of the Parliamentary army.
  • 3 days – the approximate length of this battle in its entirety.

Battle of Preston

18 August 1648

  • 20,000 – the estimated number of Scots Royalists (under the command of the Duke of Hamilton).
  • 8,500 – the estimated number of troops under Cromwell’s command. Cromwell attacked the Scots from the rear.
  • 9 days – the duration of the fighting

Battle of Marston Moor

02 July 1644

  • 22,000 – the estimated number of allied forces (Parliamentarians and Scots).
  • 18,000 – the estimated number of Royalist forces.
  • 3,000 – the estimated number of men under Cromwell’s command (cavalry of the Eastern Association).

Battle of Naseby

14 June 1645

  • 40,000 – the total number of Royalist troops under the command of King Charles I in June 1645.
  • 1/4 – the number of the King’s troops at the battle of Naseby (around 9,000-10,000).
  • 14,500-17,000 – the estimated number of New Model men commanded by Fairfax (Parliamentarians).
  • 9,000-10,000 – the estimated number of men commanded by the King (Royalists).
  • 11.00 am – the time battle commenced.
  • 3 hours – the duration of the battle.

Scale of the Battles

Second Battle of Newbury

27 October 1644

  • 7,500 – the approximate size of the Royalist army, under the command of King Charles I.
  • 3,500 – the number of Royalist cavalry.
  • 5,000 – the number of Royalist infantry.
  • 19,000 – the approximate size of the Parliamentary army, under the command of the Earl of Essex.
  • 7,000 – the number of Parliamentary cavalry.
  • 12,000 – the number of Parliamentary infantry.

Battle of Worcester

03 September 1651

The battle of Worcester was the final crushing defeat of the Royalist army

  • 2:1 – the ratio by which Cromwell’s army outnumbered the Royalists.
  • 16,000 – the approximate size of the Royalist army, under the command of King Charles I.
  • 31,000 – the approximate size of the Parliamentary army, under the command of the Earl of Essex.

Significant Events

At 21, he married Elizabeth Bourchier, daughter of a wealthy merchant family. His new wife’s family were active in the Puritan church, and it is thought that this may have prompted Cromwell to join the sect in the 1630s.

In 1647 Cromwell banned Christmas and other religious festivals - claiming them to be pagan festivals. The Pagan behavior during the festivals such as excessive drinking and eating and gambling was against the puritan beliefs.

Significant

Events

In 1642, an armed conflict began between troops loyal to Parliament — the New Model Army — against those allied with the monarchy - Charles I

In 1656 he allowed Jews to settle in England for the first time in over 400 years - he believed it would bring great financial benefits - he made a verbal promise to allow them to practice their faith freely.

In 1648 Cromwell returned from the north of England to become the third Member of Parliament to sign the resulting document ordering the king’s arrest, and Charles I was beheaded in January 1649.

Cromwell died from septicemia caused by a kidney infection in 1658 at age 59 while still serving as Lord Protector.

His son Richard Cromwell assumed the post, but was forced to resign due to a lack of support within Parliament or the military.

My Thoughts

My Opinion

I think that Oliver Cromwell was definitely powerful and made a big impact on English history, but whether I like him or not is debatable, I respect him for trying so hard to make his faith heard, however I don't think he went about it the right way.

A source from his time:

Sources

The Dunbar Medal; issued to officers and men after Cromwell's victory at the Battle of Dunbar, 3 September 1650. The medal bears Cromwell's bust and the battle cry 'THE LORD OF HOSTS', a biblical reference to God as the leader of Heaven's angelic armies.

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