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PERIODS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

Anglo-Saxon

period

499 - 1066

ANGLO-SAXON

Historical & Social background

Historical & social background

Period

Status

  • King
  • Nobles & Lords
  • Knights
  • Peasants/serfs

Since the fall of Roman Empire in Britain

(aC. 476) to the beginning of

the Renaissance (aC. 1453).

Spirit of the time

Religious houses were the main producers & consumers of books before King Henry VIII in the 1530s.

14 Century --> commercialization

Spirit of

the time

Authors

Unknown

Authors & their representative works

Caedmon's manuscript

Middle-English

period

1066 - 1040

MIDDLE-ENGLISH

Feudal society keeps like Anglo-Saxon period.

ENGLISH replace FRANCE as the language of the government.

Historical & social background

Historical & Social background

Geoffrey Chaucer: English as a vehicle for literature

Spirit of the time

England was devasted by wars and plagues in 14th Century.

People conitinue living and let growth the trading power of the merchant class.

Spirit of

the time

Geoffrey Chaucer

Authors

Authors & their representative works

William Langland

Gawain poet

The Renaissance

THE

RENAISSANSE

1485-1660

Renewal of interest in

and study of classical antiquity.

Break with feudal modes of living.

Changes in civilization: geographical and intellectual.

Historical & Social background

Historical & Social background

Spirit of the time

Spirit of

the time

Poem & the drama as the main literature styles.

16th Century in England:

lyric, the

elegy, the tragedy, and the pastoral.

Sheakspeare

Authors

Authors & their representative works

John Milton

NEOCLASSICAL

The Noeclassical period.

The Enlightenment Age

1660 - 1798

It was the starting point of the middle class, more

people were literate.

Industrial revolution begins.

Impoverished masses begin to grow as farming life declines and factories build.

Coffee houses: where educated men spend evenings with literary and political associates.

Historical & Social background

Historical & Social background

Literature

Spirit of the time

Spirit of

the time

Genres

  • Parody
  • Essays
  • Satire
  • Letters
  • Fables
  • Melodrama
  • Rhyming with couplets
  • Order, accuracy & structure.
  • Reintrant, self-control & common sense.
  • 18th Ct. -> sentimental comedy
  • Theatre bussines boomed.

Daniel Defoe

Authors

Authors & their representative works

Johnathan Swift

Romanticism

1798 - 1832

ROMANTICISM

Historical & Social background

Historical & Social background

  • Revolution from agriculutre live to industry.
  • Revolutions in America & France.
  • Early efforts to abolish slavery.
  • England divided in poor and & rich people.

Literature

Spirit of the time

Spirit of

the time

Poetry was considered the most important.

New modes of production and distribution made the written word available to more

people.

There were many competing visions for what good poetry

should be and what its aims should be.

Lord Byron

Authors

Authors & their representative works

Realism

1830 - 1918

REALISM

The Victorian period

Historical & Social background

Historical & Social background

19th Century -> England reached its height as a world imperial

power.

  • Little progress for women rights.
  • First women college established.

  • First public railways.
  • 1832 Reform Bill
  • Deplorable working conditions
  • Poor vs industrial reality

Victorian literature

Spirit of the time

Spirit of

the time

Short fiction.

The novel was the most prevalent genre.

Victorian novelists involves a protagonist who is

trying to define him- or herself relative to class and social systems.

Authors

Authors & their representative works

Modernism

1918 - 1945

MODERNISM

Historical & Social background

Modernism has its roots in the late

Victorian transition from widespread belief in art as a vehicle for pleasure and instruction towards a belief in "art for art's sake.".

The sense of alienation that marked the early twentieth century grew out of this sense of art for art's sake.

Mass literacy --> Universal education (basic reading & writing).

Many people (artists included) had lost their faith in institutional, cultural, or social foundations that

could provide stability in the world.

Historical & Social background

Spirit of the time

Literature

Early writers were especially concerned to delineate clear images and to rid poetry of its Romantic and Victorian era superfluities.

Modernist novels tend to fall into three obvious periods: 1900-1920s (a time of experimentation,

allusiveness, and complexity); 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s (a time when novelists returned to social

realism); and post-1960s (a period when important writers emerged from post-colonial contexts).

One of the earliest dramatic innovators in the English tradition was Samuel Becket.

Spirit of

the time

James Joyce

Authors

Authors & their representative works

George Orwell

Virginia Woolf

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