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499 - 1066
Period
Status
Since the fall of Roman Empire in Britain
(aC. 476) to the beginning of
the Renaissance (aC. 1453).
Religious houses were the main producers & consumers of books before King Henry VIII in the 1530s.
14 Century --> commercialization
Unknown
Caedmon's manuscript
1066 - 1040
Feudal society keeps like Anglo-Saxon period.
ENGLISH replace FRANCE as the language of the government.
Geoffrey Chaucer: English as a vehicle for literature
England was devasted by wars and plagues in 14th Century.
People conitinue living and let growth the trading power of the merchant class.
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Langland
Gawain poet
1485-1660
Renewal of interest in
and study of classical antiquity.
Break with feudal modes of living.
Changes in civilization: geographical and intellectual.
Poem & the drama as the main literature styles.
16th Century in England:
lyric, the
elegy, the tragedy, and the pastoral.
Sheakspeare
John Milton
1660 - 1798
It was the starting point of the middle class, more
people were literate.
Industrial revolution begins.
Impoverished masses begin to grow as farming life declines and factories build.
Coffee houses: where educated men spend evenings with literary and political associates.
Literature
Genres
Daniel Defoe
Johnathan Swift
1798 - 1832
Literature
Poetry was considered the most important.
New modes of production and distribution made the written word available to more
people.
There were many competing visions for what good poetry
should be and what its aims should be.
Lord Byron
1830 - 1918
The Victorian period
19th Century -> England reached its height as a world imperial
power.
Victorian literature
Short fiction.
The novel was the most prevalent genre.
Victorian novelists involves a protagonist who is
trying to define him- or herself relative to class and social systems.
1918 - 1945
Modernism has its roots in the late
Victorian transition from widespread belief in art as a vehicle for pleasure and instruction towards a belief in "art for art's sake.".
The sense of alienation that marked the early twentieth century grew out of this sense of art for art's sake.
Mass literacy --> Universal education (basic reading & writing).
Many people (artists included) had lost their faith in institutional, cultural, or social foundations that
could provide stability in the world.
Literature
Early writers were especially concerned to delineate clear images and to rid poetry of its Romantic and Victorian era superfluities.
Modernist novels tend to fall into three obvious periods: 1900-1920s (a time of experimentation,
allusiveness, and complexity); 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s (a time when novelists returned to social
realism); and post-1960s (a period when important writers emerged from post-colonial contexts).
One of the earliest dramatic innovators in the English tradition was Samuel Becket.
James Joyce
George Orwell
Virginia Woolf