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The Identity of Traditional China
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The Identity of "Traditional China"
Traditonal China?
Traditonal China?
Imperial China
Imperial China
Imperial China- from Qin to Qing
"5000 years of History"
"5000 years of History"
China's History
Trump
8000
China's History
5000
Common estimation
Written history
3500
years
What is a Dynasty?
What is a Dynasty?
" a series of rulers who passed the kingship to their heirs until a contender (usually forcibly) removed the last king in the dynasty from power" N.S. Gill
Dynastic Series
Dynastic Series
Dynasties as a series of repetitions, with a rise in virtue followed later by a fall as dictated by the 'Mandate of Heaven'
The Mandate of Heaven
undermines the theory that 'traditional China' can be defined as a 'dynasty' but rather was the formation of several successive dynasties
There are four principles to the Mandate:
1) Heaven grants the emperor the right to rule,
2) Since there is only one Heaven, there can only be one emperor at any given time,
3) The emperor's virtue determines his right to rule, and,
4) No one dynasty has a permanent right to rule.
Distinctions between Dynasties
Periods of Caos and Separatism
e.g The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Periods of Caos and Separatism
What is an Empire?
What is an Empire?
"an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress." Oxford English dctionary
Ruled by an Emperor therefore an Empire?
Land Grabbing
Land Grabbing
Unlike other strictly defined 'empires' China was land bound and controlled vast swathes of land BUT did not expand across the oceans like their infamous French & British counterparts
Shifting-
land control and power
Cultural Entity
"The sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through language, material objects, ritual, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next."
Cultural Entity Criteria
-Language
-Material objects
-Rituals
-Institutions
-Art
Language
Language
Shang Dynasty, 1250BC
Rituals
Foot Binding- 'Golden Lotus'
Rituals
Imperial Examinations & Confucianism
Imperial Examinations & Confucianism
The Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven
Demonstrating the continuation of a distinctive Chinese 'moral system' outliving laws, rulers and dynasties.
Significant differences?
Significant differences?
Dynasty V Empire V Cultural Entity
Dynasty V Empire V Cultural Entity
-Dynasty; rather a series of dynasties/ a dynasic cycle
-Empire; at best a series of empires
-Cultural entity
Traditional China
Persavie nature of aspects of 'Chinese' culture during 'Traditonal China.'
Traditional China
Persavie nature of aspects of 'Chine...