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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Lesson 12 pt. 1

  • The biggest organ in your body is something you are very familiar with, but you may not think it's an organ.

  • This organ is your skin, and without it you would never be able to function.

  • Your skin covers your entire body, it keeps germs and infections out, helps regulate body temperature, protects you from the sun, and even produces an important vitamin.

  • Together with your hair, nails, sweat and oil gland, your skin makes up the integumentary system.

Dearly Departed Hair

  • Your hair, skin, and nails all grow similarly, all their new cells start growing at a base and they push the hardened dead cells outward.

  • Take your hair for an example, the cells beyond the scalp are dead, therefore it doesn't hurt to get your haircut but it does hurt to get your hair yanked out.

  • All hair grows from something called a hair follicle which contains the living hair cells.

  • The cells in the matrix of the follicle grow quickly, as new cells grow older cells get pushed out.

  • As the hair grows farther from a blood supply the cells die, hardening the strand.

What are the two layers of the skin called? What purpose do they serve?

SKIN STORIES

  • The epidermis is the first layer and it mainly serves to protect.

  • Below this is the dermis, which contains connective tissue blood vessels, hair follicles, motor nerves, oil and sweat glands, as well as sensory nerves.

  • Next is the hypodermis, which is not a layer of skin but rather it is the connective layer between the skin and the muscles.

What task do the motor nerves and the arrector pili in you dermis complete.

These are the nerves and muscles which make your "hair stand on end."

Your Epidermis is Showing

  • The epidermis is really your body's first line of defense, luckily it was engineered so brilliantly.

  • This layer of skin is waterproof, if moister could easily enter and exit your body the delicate balance within your body called homeostasis would be thrown out daily.

  • Your epidermis avoids bacterial invasion by interlocking dead skin cells together, closing the perpetrators on the outside.

  • The living cells within this layer are called epithelial cells.

  • At the very bottom of this layer these new cells multiply, pushing older cells up as they grow.

  • As the cells get pushed nearer to the surface they flatten out and produce a protein called keratin, which is also found in hair and nails, scales, and even horns and antlers.

  • These cells eventually produce too much keratin and die as a result of it.

What are freckles caused by?

Melanin Melody

Little clusters of very active melanocytes in the skin cause freckles.

  • Specialized cells found in the epidermis called melanocytes produce a chemical called melanin.

  • Everyone has around the same amount of these cells, but the amount of melanin that they produce is different.

  • This chemical not only determines your skin tone, but protects you from the suns harmful rays.

  • When you are exposed to the sun your melanocytes will produce more melanin in attempts to protect important nerves in your skin, ultimatly darkening your skin.

  • Albinism is caused by an inability to produce melanin, causing hair, skin and nails to be nearly white.

  • Skin damage as a result of sun expose can occur extremely easily in people with this condition.

The Dermis

  • Unlike the epidermis, the dermis is made up of mostly connective tissue and holds important structure like hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, blood vessels, and nerves.

  • The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis.

  • The connective tissue in the dermis is made of proteins called collagen and elastin, which produces a stretchy and elastic skin that allows you to move freely.

  • Age and sun exposure can cause skin to loose elasticity, resulting in baggy skin and wrinkles.

Bruising and Blisters

  • Bruising is a result of impact to the skin, causing blood vessels to break and leak into the dermis until clotting occurs.

  • The bruise will stay until white blood cells come to break down the blood cells.

  • Blisters are bubbles in the skin which separate the dermis from the epidermis, and are a result of friction, burning, or other damage.

  • Blisters are usually filled with liquid, some coming from your sweat glands, and they eventually pop, leaving a very tender area of skin behind.
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