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Circulatory System vs. Car Engine

Rebecca Murphy

Circulatory System

The circulatory system or the cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The purpose of the circulatory system is to carry vital substance such as, nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells and to remove any waste like carbon dioxide. The circulatory system runs through out the entire body and is responsible for distributing blood and nutrients.

Heart

The heart is the powerhouse of the body. The heart controls the pumping of the blood which distributes nutrients to your cells and organs so they stay healthy.

Heart

Arteries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They deliver the oxygenated blood and nutrients to the cells and organs of the body. They are made up of three different layers, the innermost layer is called the intima and it is made up of endothelium, a smooth tissue. The middle layer is made up of muscle so the artieries can withstand the pressure that is created by the heart. The third and outermost layer is the adventitia which is what affixes arteries to the tissues surrounding them.

Capillaries

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that snake between body tissues and deliver blood and nutrients. The amount of capillaries vary from organ to organ. More active organs such as kidneys and livers require more blood and nutrients and therefore house more capillaries.

Veins

After it runs through the capillaries, blood reaches venules, small veins, which transports it through larger and larger veins until it circles back to the heart. Veins are built the same way as arteries, only smaller because they don't need to endure the same amounts of pressure.

Car Engine

Car engines keep the car running, they translate gasoline into the fuel that powers the car. We'll be looking at the structure of a four stroke inline four cylinder DOHC (Dual Over Head Camshaft) engine which is the engine in most hatchback and sedan cars. Internal combustion engines put a small amount of gasoline into a tiny enclosed space and ignite it, creating a burst of energy.

Parts

A four stroke inline four cylinder DOHC engine's main parts are, a crank shaft which takes the linear motion of the piston and transforms it into a rotational force. The piston and piston rods, they turn the crank shaft as they are pushed down when the compressed air-fuel mixture expands. Valves release the air and fuel into the cylinders. The intake camshaft and exhaust camshaft control the valves. They in-turn are controlled by the crank which is being run by a timing belt.

Strokes

The four stroke inline four cylinder DOHC engine has different strokes that it goes through to create power. Those strokes are, intake, compression, power and exhaust. These four strokes are repeated in a cycle that produces power and keeps the car engine running.

Intake

The inlet valve releases the air-fuel mixture which is pulled into the cylinder by the suction created by the downward motion of the piston.

Intake

Compression

With both the inlet and the outlet valves closed and the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder the pistons compress the mixture.

Compression

Power

The spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture which causes an explosion that creates enough pressure to push down the piston which powers the crank.

Exhaust

This final stroke releases the spent, burned gas out through the outlet valve.

Exhaust

Comparing the Circulatory System and Car Engines

Comparison

The circulatory system and car engines have their similarities and differences. They're both keeping their machine running and are absolutely imperative.

Differences

There are many differences between these two systems, human hearts are far more complex than a car engine and have many more valves, arteries, cavas, veins, ventricles and more. Car engines are meant to turn on and off as needed, but hearts always run, if a heart stops, the person dies.

Similarities

A car's hoses run through them, transporting vitals to where they need to go, much as arteries, capillaries and veins do. The heart is like an engine. They both provide power and send it where it needs to go. They also both come in different types and sizes depending on what car/animal they're in.

Bibliography

Circulatory System Bibliography

Circulatory System

Live Science - The Circulatory System: An Amazing Circuit That Keeps Our Bodies Going

Michigan Medicine - How the Heart Works

Web MD - Picture of the Arteries

National Cancer Institute - Classification and Structure of Blood Vessels

Car Engine Bibliography

Car Engine

How Stuff Works - How Car Engines Work

Auto Tech Labs - How Car Engines Work

Searles Auto Repair - Why Your Vehicle's Hoses Are Just Like Your Circulatory System

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