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Mixtures & Solutions

Types of Mixtures

Mixtures, whether they are homogenous or heterogeneous are grouped based on their appearance.

The mixtures we will be studying in more detail are:

  • Solutions
  • Suspensions
  • Emulsions
  • Colloids

Solutions

A solution is a mixture where one of the substances dissolves in the other. The substance that dissolves is called the solute. The substance that does not dissolve is called the solvent. As a rule of thumb, there is usually more solvent than solute.

Everything in a solution is evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. As so, solutions are categorized as homogenous mixtures.

Solutions

Solutions can be liquids, gases or solids.

Brass is a solution of copper and zinc.

Steel is a solution of iron,oxygen, and carbon. Mixed metal solutions are referred to as alloys.

Concentration

In chemistry, concentration is how much of a substance is mixed with another substance.

The higher the ratio of solute to solvent, the higher the concentration

A solution with a low concentration of solute is said to be dilute.

To concentrate a solution, one must add more solute, or reduce the amount of solvent. To dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.

Solubility

Topic

Solubility is the ability to dissolve into (become a part of) another substance.

Another way to say that a substance dissolves in water is to say that it is soluble in water (water soluble).

What are some substances that are soluble in water???

What do you think an insoluble substance is?

Give some examples.

Solubility Activity

This activity will investigate the solubility of different compounds in water and how different factors affect solubility.

Materials:

  • Pen or pencil
  • Paper
  • 100 ml beaker (3X)
  • 1/2 cups of Salt
  • 1/2 cups of Sugar
  • 1/2 cups of Flour
  • Hot Plate
  • Measuring spoon (1/4 tsp would be best)
  • Stir Rod

Directions

1. Place 1 cup of room temperature water into 3 containers. Add 1/4 tsp of salt, sugar, and flour into separate containers.

2. Stir the mixture well. Allow the mixture to sit for a few minutes. Record your observations. If the substance does not completely dissolve at this stage it is considered insoluble.

3. If all of the solid dissolved then add an additional 1/4 tsp and stir. Let it sit for a few minutes again. Record observations.

4. Repeat step 3 until no more solid can dissolve.

5. Repeat steps 1-4 using cold water.

6. Repeat steps 1-4 using hot water.

Questions

1. Was there a difference in solubility of the salt, sugar, and flour at room temperature?

2. Did the temperature affect the solubility of any of the solids?

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