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Transcript

Through

the Korean War

Fatoumata Savane 2B

Beginning of War: North Korea invades South Korea

June 25, 1950

  • The war broke out on June 25, 1950 when North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel (border betwee North and South Korea), invading South Korea
  • 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People's Army poured across the 38th parallel
  • North Korea aimed to militarily conquer South Korea and therefore unify Korea under the communist North Korean regime.

UN forces land at Inchon

September 15, 1950

  • On September 15, 1950, the soldiers, sailors, and Marines of X Corps landed at Inchon (the west coast of Korea).
  • The landing at Inchon changed the course of the war; however, the conflict later settled into a long, bloody stalemate that did not end until a July 1953 armistice.
  • US led UN force pushed inland to recapture Seoul, the South Korean capital that had fallen to the communists in June.

North Korean forces pushed back across 38th parallel

November 1950

  • As UN forces pushed north, thousands of Chinese troops entered North Korea. In November 1950, they inflicted a major defeat on the UN forces and forced them to retreat.
  • In January 1951, Seoul fell to the Chinese, who advanced as far as Cho’nan (Cheonan), 85 km further south.

PRC send forces over border into Korea

October 1950

  • The PRC issued warnings that the Allied forces should keep their distance, and beginning in October 1950 troops from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army began to cross the border to assist their North Korean ally.
  • Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong ordered the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to cross the 38th Parallel in an effort to pressure the UN forces to withdraw from South Korea.
  • Mao was concerned the US would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets.

US led UN forces are routed

Nov 7 - Dec 9, 1950

  • The success of the Inchon landing inspired the U.S. and the United Nations to adopt a rollback strategy to overthrow the Communist North Korean regime, thus allowing nationwide elections under U.N. auspices.

  • With their backs to the Sea of Japan and fighting in a brutally cold winter, U.S. Marines encircled at the Chosin Reservoir retreated to the ports Hungnam and Wonsan, where some 20,000 troops and refugees were evacuated. Known as the battle of "Frozen Chosin," the Chinese routed 15,000 U.N. troops, causing 12,000 casualties, of which 3,000 were killed.

PRC forces retake Seoul

December 31, 1950, to January 7, 1951

  • On December 31, 1950, the Chinese 13th Army attacked the Republic of Korea Army (ROK)'s 1st, 2nd, 5th and 6th Infantry Divisions along the 38th Parallel, breaching UN defenses at the Imjin River, Hantan River, Gapyeong and Chuncheon in the process
  • Chinese and North Korean forces recapture Seoul on January 4, 1951

Truman dismisses General McArthur

April 11, 1951

  • MacArthur thwarted Truman’s attempt to negotiate a ceasefire when the general ordered his troops to invade North Korea and push the NKPA up past the 38th parallel.
  • On April 11, 1951, President Truman officially relieved Douglas MacArthur of his command. Word of his firing spread quickly, and the American public found the news upsetting.
  • Truman felt that his decision was just because MacArthur had overstepped his authority, defied direct orders from his superior and interfered with Truman’s hope of ending the Korean War quickly.

Peace talks stall

July 10, 1951

  • On July 10, 1951, peace talks began between the U.N. and North Korea in the village of P’anmunjom, just north of the future Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). At the center of the talks would be the question of prisoners-of-war.
  • Discussions continued slowly because of difficulties regarding demarcation of the border between North and South Korea. China and North Korea expected the line to remain at the 38th parallel. Within weeks, however, both nations accepted the Kansas Line.

President Eisenhower is elected

November 4, 1952.

  • The 1952 United States presidential election was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election and was held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952.

  • Eisenhower's tenure as the 34th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1953, and ended on January 20, 1961

Stalin dies

March 5, 1953

  • He died suddenly in early March 1953 after a short illness
  • After Stalin died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and Georgi Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union.
  • As a result of his death, the Cold War changed almost overnight. The Soviet Union embarked on a course of reconciliation and greater openness.

Ceasefire agreed

July 27, 1953,

  • On July 27, 1953, an armistice agreement was signed by the UN, North Korea, and China. South Korea, outraged that a cease-fire had come without the unification of Korea, refused to sign, but agreed to abide by its terms.
  • Under the terms of the agreement, both sides withdrew two kilometers (about 1.3 miles) from the border, creating the Demilitarized Zone that is patrolled to this day.

Sources used

End

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/bomb-korean-war/

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-forces-land-at-inchon#:~:text=force%20pushed%20inland%20to%20recapture,to%20the%20communists%20in%20June.

https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/interactive/korean-war-conflict

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/chinese-counterattacks-in-korea-change-nature-of-war

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-korean-war/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Seoul#:~:text=Chinese%20troops%20celebrate%20the%20capture%20of%20Seoul.&text=On%20December%2031%2C%201950%2C%20the,and%20Chuncheon%20in%20the%20process.

https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/firing-macarthur

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/uncategorized/north-korea-and-the-korean-war-1951-1953-peace-and-pows/1365/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30870795/

https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780742554511/The-Cold-War-after-Stalins-Death-A-Missed-Opportunity-for-Peace?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election#:~:text=The%201952%20United%20States%20presidential,that%20stretched%20back%20to%201932.

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