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Calcium Element Presentation
4
Calcium
by Isaac F
History of Calcium
History
- Lime (aka quicklime, calcium oxide, CaO) was used by all ancient civilisations to make mortar for building.
- Humphry Davy, 1808, a great British chemist discovered calcium with electrolys.
- Ancient Egyptians and early Greeks used calcium for building things.
FACTS
- Used for plaster in Paris. Persian pharmacist Abu Mansur Muwaffaw in about 975 CE.
- Ancient Egyptians and early Greeks used mortar, a cement-like material that holds stones and bricks together. Early mortar was made by roasting or heating limestone for long periods of time. Water was then mixed with the powder, which would then dry to form a strong bond.
- It was not until 1755 that modern day chemists began investigating the properties of calcium, when Joseph Black proved that when limestone was heated to produce lime, the products were calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Chemical Properties
Chemical and Physical Properties
- atomic number 20
- atomic weight 40.078
- melting point 842 °C (1,548 °F)
- boiling point 1,484 °C (2,703 °F)
Pysical Properties
- Good Conductor
- Soft Metal
- High Reactivity
- Silvery White Metalic color
Physical Properties
Compound Uses
Uses of Element
- calcium alginate
thickening agent in food products such as ice cream and cheese products; synthetic fibers
- calcium arsenate
(Ca3(AsO4)2): insecticide
- calcium carbide
(CaC2): used to make acetylene gas (for use in acetylene torches for welding); manufacture of plastic
Nutrional Uses
- About 99 percent of the calcium in a person’s body is found in bones and teeth.
- Milk is a good source of calcium. The body uses calcium in a compound known as hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) to make bones and teeth hard and resistant to wear.
- Calcium also controls the function of other muscles and nerves.
Where is it found?
Where is is found?
- Calcium is the fifth most common element in Earth’s crust. Its abundance is estimated to be about 3.64 percent. It is also the fifth most abundant element in the human body.
- Russia, China, USA and France are the main countries that mine calcium.
- It occurs in the minerals aragonite, calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, and travertine, and in oyster shells and coral.
How is it obtained?
- Today we obtain calcium through the electrolysis of a fused salt such as calcium chloride. Once exposed to air, elemental calcium rapidly forms a grey-white oxide and nitride coating.
Citations
Bibliography
Newton, David E. "Calcium." Chemical Elements, edited by Kathleen J. Edgar, 2nd ed., vol. 1, UXL, 2010, pp. 85-93. Gale eBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3012400026/GVRL?u=palo34793&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=81c59d38. Accessed 18 Apr. 2023.
Mark Winter, University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd. “Calcium: Historical Information.” WebElements Periodic Table " Calcium " Historical Information, https://www.webelements.com/calcium/history.html.
Mmta. “Calcium.” MMTA, 24 June 2016, https://mmta.co.uk/metals/ca/#:~:text=Calcium%20as%20an%20element%20is,%2C%20China%2C%20USA%20and%20France.