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Monday, May 11, 2020
Using Principal Parts I
By: Lesly Claribell Paz
Using Principal Parts
Verbs have four principal parts: the Present (present infinitive), the present participle, the past (past indicative), and the past participle.
Using Principal
Parts
Regular verbs form the past and past participle by adding -ed, -d, or -t to the present.
1
1
play, played, played
move, moved, moved
stop, stopped, stopped
2
Irregular verbs form the past and past participle in irregular ways other than by adding -ed, -d, or -t to the Present. (Memorize the forms of the irregular verbs on p.104.)
1
come, came, come
drive, drove, driven
see, saw, seen
set, set, set
Both regular and irregular verbs form the present participle by adding -ing to the present.
3
1
walk, walking
pray, praying
draw, drawing
eat, eating
4
Sometimes spelling changes must be made before adding -ing or -ed to verbs.
a
a. For verbs ending in silent e, drop the e before adding -ing.
tape, taping
hope, hoping
take, taking
write, writing
Exceptions:
canoeing, hoeing, shoeing, singeing
b
b. For verbs ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding ed.
amplify, amplified
deny, denied
cry, cried
spy, spied
c
c. For verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, usually double the final consonant before adding -ed or -ing.
hop, hopping, hopped
confer, conferring, conferred
but marvel, marveling, marveled
fasten, fastened, fastening
(See spelling rule 2 in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry III.).
5
Do not confuse the past with the past participle. Never use helping verbs with the past. Always use helping verbs with the past participle.
1
Juan drawn the best sketch. (past participle used without helping verb-incorrect)
Juan drew the best sketch. (correct)
Juan has drew the best sketch. (past used with helping verb-incorrect)
Juan has drawn the best sketch. (correct)
Practice
Exercise B, (numbers 1-10) pg. 105
Exercise C, (numbers 1-10) pg.105-106