GPR System Simulation Using Dipole Antenna

Introduction

• What is a GPR System?

System that is capable to detect unforeseen underground object

Introduction

• Why using GPR System?

Use Non-Destructive Technique to minimize effect on surface area and embedded objects surface

• Where should we use it?

At the ground surface

Introduction

Introduction

Figure 1: Propose GPR system

Problem

Statement

Problem Statement

Lack of interest exploring in narrow band antenna usage - blurry radargram image

Objectives

• Designing dipole antenna using CST software

Objectives

• Develop GPR system by adding scanning area with dry sand material and planted an embedded object using iron material

• Test the effectiveness of GPR system through radargram image clarity - Applied AFW envelope detector technique

Scope

• Develop an algorithm in MATLAB software by using pulse signal and pulse modulation technique for GPR system

Scopes

• Design a GPR system simulation to be operated at operating frequencies of 0 - 0.13 GHz, 0.06 GHz - 0.08 GHz, 0 - 0.5 GHz and 0 - 1 GHz with four different depth of embedded object (2 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm and 20 cm)

• Use B-Scan method when scanning underground object

Contribution

• Develop a GPR system simulation using CST and MATLAB software

Contributions

• Produce 2D GPR radargram images with different frequencies based on dipole antenna output signal - reserachers usually used modified dipole antenna to detect embedded object

General Principles of The GPR Sytstem

Detect embedded object underground is depending on the wavelength of the antenna input signal.

Abujarad et al., 2007; Zajicova & Chuman, 2019

General Principles of The GPR System

Wavelength decrease

=

High frequency

D. J. Daniels, 2004; Bernatek-Jakiel & Kondracka, 2019

Wavelength increase

=

Low frequency

Envelope Detector Technique Signal Processing Technique for Time Domain GPR System

Signal Processing Technique for GPR System

Figure 2: Envelope detector technique signal processing for time domain GPR system

AFW

Asynchronous Full Wave

Asynchronous Half Wave

Envelope Detector Technique

Types of Envelope Detector Technique

ARSL

AHW

Asynchronous Real Square Law

AFW Envelope Detector Technique Block Diagram

AFW Envelope Detector Technique

Figure 3: Block diagram for AFW type envelope detector technique

GPR System Radargram

Figure 4: Radargram images of GPR systems (a) without post-processing and (b) processed using SVD techniques (Ghafoor, 2012)

Research Work From Previous Researcher

GPR System Built Using Several Types of Antennas.

Figure 5: Previous researcher research work on 2017

Research Work From Previous Researcher

GPR System Built Using Several Types of Antennas.

Figure 6: Previous researcher research work on 2019

Research Work From Previous Researcher

GPR System Built Using Several Types of Antennas.

Figure 7: Previous researcher research work on 2016

General Part of GPR System Simulation Development

GPR System Simulation Development

Figure 8: Propose GPR system study

Focus Part of GPR System Simulation Development

GPR System Simulation Development

Figure 8: (Continued)

Designation of Dipole Antenna

GPR System Design using CST software

Figure 9: Dipole antenna design for GPR system simulation in CST software

GPR System Simulation Background Addition

GPR System Design using CST software

Figure 10: 3D model design of dry sand area in the CST software

Embedded Object Design and Planting

GPR System Design using CST software

Figure 11: Dimension of embedded object design in CST software

Scanning Position

GPR System Design using CST software

Figure 12: GPR system simulation design elevation view with scanning direction

GPR Radargram Image Construction

Figure 13: GPR radargram display algorithm

Dipole Antenna Simulation

Result

0 - 0.13 GHz

Dipole Antenna

0 - 0.13 GHz Input Signal

Figure 14: Dipole antenna input signal in the frequency range 0 – 0.13 GHz

Dipole Antenna Simulation

Result

0.06 GHz - 0.08 GHz

Dipole Antenna 0.06 - 0.08 GHz Input Signal

Figure 15: Dipole antenna input signal in the frequency range of 0.06 – 0.08 GHz

Dipole Antenna Simulation

Result

0 - 0.5 GHz

Dipole Antenna

0 - 0.5 GHz Input Signal

Figure 16: Dipole antenna input signal in the frequency range of 0 – 0.5 GHz

Dipole Antenna Simulation

Result

0 - 1 GHz

Dipole Antenna

0 - 1 GHz Input Signal

Figure 17: Dipole antenna input signal in the frequency range of 0 – 1 GHz

0 - 0.13 GHz Reference Image

Reference Image at Frequency Range 0- 0.13 GHz

Figure 18: GPR radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 0.13 GHz without embedded object

0.06 - 0.08 GHz

Reference Image

Reference Image at Frequency Range 0.06 GHz - 0.08 GHz

(a)

(b)

Figure 19: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse modulation signal having spectrum from 0.06 GHz – 0.08 GHz without embedded object (a) without using AFW envelope detector technique and (b) using AFW types of envelope detector technique

0 - 0.5 GHz Reference Image

Reference Image at Frequency Range 0- 0.5 GHz

Figure 20: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 0.5 GHz without embedded object

0 - 1 GHz Reference Image

Reference Image at Frequency Range 0- 1 GHz

Figure 21: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 1 GHz without embedded object

0 - 0.13 GHz GPR Image Radargram Result Simulation

Figure 22: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 0.13 GHz with embedded iron object at (a) 2cm, (b) 5 cm, (c) 7 cm and (d) 20 cm depth

(b)

(a)

(c)

(d)

0.06 - 0.08 GHz GPR Image Radargram Result Simulation

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 23: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse modulation signal having spectrum from 0.06 GHz – 0.08 GHz with embedded iron object at (a) 2 cm, (b) 5 cm, (c) 7 cm and (d) 20 cm depth

0.06 - 0.08 GHz GPR Image Radargram Result Simulation

(a)

(b)

Figure 24: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse modulation signal having spectrum from 0.06 GHz – 0.08 GHz with embedded iron object at (a) 2 cm, (b) 5 cm, (c) 7 cm and (d) 20 cm depth processing using AFW types of envelope detector technique

(c)

(d)

0 - 0.5 GHz GPR Image Radargram Result Simulation

(a)

(b)

Figure 25: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 0.5 GHz with embedded iron object at (a) 2 cm, (b) 5 cm, (c) 7 cm and (d) 20 cm depth

(d)

(c)

0 - 1 GHz GPR Image Radargram Result Simulation

(a)

(b)

Figure 26: GPR Radargram image of GPR system simulation using pulse signal having spectrum from 0 – 1 GHz with embedded iron object at (a) 2 cm, (b) 5 cm, (c) 7 cm and (d) 20 cm depth

(c)

(d)

Embedded Object Detection Summarization

Table 1: Summarization of embedded object detection for frequency operation 0 – 0.13 GHz, 0 – 0.5 GHz and 0 – 1 GHz for depths of 2 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm and 20 cm

Embedded Object Detection Summarization

Conclusion

• The antenna was selected because it does not get the attention of GPR system reserachers due to its unsuitable use in GPR system.

Conclusion

• Thru this study, the antenna can be categorized as usable in the development of GPR system simulation.

• The using of narrowband antenna can lead to a blur radargram image. To get clear image, need to reprocess the output signals.

Recommendation

• Develop background models using other materials and use multiple embedded object models.

• Use a real GPR system using dipole antenna that has been designed in this study.

Recommendation

• Perform indoor and outdoor test.

• Use frequency domain technique to detect embedded object.

• Use other processing technique to obtain the exact position of embedded objects underground.

• Use other envelope detector (AHW, ARSL)

References

References

References

References

References