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Navigation & Flight Planning
106
Navigation & Flight Planning
objective: to understand the elements related to navigation and flight planning.
Want to fly somewhere for lunch?
Where should we go for lunch? How does Laughlin sound?
Now we talk about Weak farts? NO! It is time for WKFART! This acronym is a great cross country flight planning.
Let's also take a look at §91.103 in the FAR/AIM!
W- Weather
K - Known ATC delays/delay
F - Fuel requirements
A - Alternates
R - Runways lengths
T - Takeoff/Landing data
Now what?
More Acronyms?? YES!
SACrED WiNd
S - Synopsis of the weather
A - Adverse conditions that may be present
C - Current Weather for where you are now
E - Enroute Forecast
D - Destination Terminal Forecast
W- Winds aloft at our altitude
N - Notams (notice to airman)
W
What is a Synopsis?
A synopsis is an overall view of the weather and what is happening, it typically shows high and low pressure systems as well as other information
S
What is an adverse condition?
A
Any significant meteorological and/or aeronautical information that might influence the pilot to alter or cancel the proposed flight.
METerological Aerodrome Reports
TAFs
Terminal Area Forecast
Try to decode this one by yourself!
C
Answer
Enroute Wx
E
Weather at Laughlin
D
How are the winds at 7,500' ?
And why did we pick this altitude? Also reference FAR §91.159 (a) §91.211 O2 req.
W
What is a NOTAM?
A NOTAM is a Notice to airman
There are different types
https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/lists/2018/01/7-types-of-notams-you-need-to-know/
N
Departure
Enroute
Destination
What is an ATC delay/delay?
K
https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/regulations/what-every-pilot-should-know-about-atc-delays/
How much fuel do we need?
For fuel requirements we need to know a few things first.
- How far are we flying
- How long are we flying
- How much fuel does our engine use
- §91.151 (a) States some fuel requirements
Here is some basic calculations we will use to know how to plan accordingly.
If we burn 10 Gal/Hr and we fly for one hour we know we need at least 10 gallons of fuel. BUT we do have a minimum fuel requirement according to FAR 91.151 we need at least another 30 minutes worth of flight time, this is saying we would need at least another 5 gallons of fuel. In total we need 15 gallons of fuel.
F
Choosing an Alternate
A
What makes a good alternate?
https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/lists/2020/03/6-considerations-before-you-pick-your-ifr-alternate/
- fuel
- runway lengths
- fuel island
- parking
- what if? an emergency.
- unexpected NOTAMs
- weather!!
Runway Lengths
Can we take off? Can we land in appropriate time and space? It is time to do some math!
RT
KVGT info
KIFP info
Pilot, Dead Reckoning and Radio Navigation
Pilotage, Dead Reckoning and Radio Navigation
- Pilotage - Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints
- Dead Reckoning - Navigation solely by computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction
- Radio Navigation - Navigation by which a predetermined flight path is followed by using radio waves
How to fill a flight log?
Let's do this together!
Flight Log
You're lost...so now what?
lost?
5 C's
C - Climb
C - Circle
C - Conserve
C - Communicate
C - Comply
Know your Abc's?
Diversion
A - Airport (where am i going)
B - Best heading to get there
C - Clock this helps situational awareness
D - Distance
E - ETE
F - Fuel (make sure you have enough!)
PAVE
P - Pilot
A - Aircraft
V - enVironment
E - External pressures