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Inferno Reciprocal Teaching Project
2
Cantos XI-XIV Circle Seven:
The Violent
Marlow Odeh
Brandon Sanchez, Rafael Sanchez, Aidan Saganey
Canto XI:
The Heretics
Canto XI
In Canto 11, Dante and Virgil approach circle 7 and they smell a horrible stench. Virgil takes the opportunity to explain the last 3 circles of hell(Which I wont go over here because the next parts will).
Heresy
A Heretic is someone who didn't believe or went against god. There punishment being that they are locked inside flaming tombs. This is a fitting punishment because the fire is symbolic of gods love, and they are now surrounded by what they once rejected
The Division of the lower Hell
Canto XII
Tyrants &Marauders
Sinners: Souls that committed violence against other people("neighbors")
Canto XII
Punishment: The souls boil in a river of blood, and as they get closer to the center the more severe their sin was.
Violence Against their Neighbors
Canto XII: Significant Characters
Minotaur: A half bull, half human creature that menaces with Dante and Virgil's entrance into the seventh circle.
Centaurs: Shoot any of the sinners that choose to leave the boiling river of blood.
Significant Characters
Alexander the Great & Attila: Notable figures that are punished due to their tyrannical lives.
Chiron & Nessus: Guide Dante and Virgil across the boiling river.
Canto: XIII
Suicides & Spendthrifts
Modern World Realm
Canto XIII
Sinners: Those who destroyed their own lives and their substance.
They are placed as seeds, and grow into trees with thorns encasing them. Harpies, small, winged creatures, are torturing the souls to represent the souls hurting themselves. The creatures feed off of the damned, and visitors, such as Dante, tear their branches off to inflict wounds. The souls have no control over their bodies and are made as trees, and the inflicted pain teaches them to respect their bodies and lives, since they didn't when they were living.
Modern Realm
The punishment is fitting, as it makes them value themselves more. The connection to a modern place would be a mental health institution, minus the torture.
Violence Against Themselves
Canto XIV:
Blasphemy
Canto XIV
Sinners: The Blasphemers (The violent against god) would stay prone on sand which would be hot from the falling flakes of fire. This was meant to burn the souls from above and below. Dante would later ask a question for Virgil. He wanted to know who was in the outer rim. Virgil says it's Capaneus, he is tormented by his own madness and disdain of god.
Punishment: They are stuck with burning sand and flakes of fire falling down like snow. This symbolizes the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, which is about god wanting to destroy a city but the people of the city don't want it destroyed. They suggest a proposition to not destroy their city but they fail their promise.
Significant Character
Significant
Character
Capaneus: One of the Seven Kings who besieged Thebes and betrayed Zeus (Jupiter). Zeus hit him with his lightning bolt.
Violence Against God
Famous Artwork Depicted in The Violent(Cantos XI-XIV)
Dante's poetry has set a foundation of remarkable imagery that has inspired many artists to interpret and recreate The Inferno.
Art Work
Artistic masterpieces that capture The violent were created by Salvador Dali & Gustave Dore
Spendthrifts in the Woods of Suicide
Dali's Minotaur
Imagery in the Inferno
Epic Simile &Imagery
"Hell was shaken so that I thought the universe felt love and its elements moved toward harmony whereby the world of mater, as some believed has often plunged to chaos"(12.39-43)
Dante's Imagery
This piece of imagery suits the levels of Hell in the Violent because according to Empedocles the mutual repulsion that sinners committed led to their suffering.
The imagery has an affect n Dante's journey because as he is going through the circles of Hell he witnessing chaos as a result of his harmony to be with Beatrice.
Imagery Analysis
The poet is trying to covey how that his exile was intended for him to conquer his wish and to foresee what he has to go through.
Epic Simile
"Great flakes of flame fell slowly as snow falls in the alps on a windless day. Like those Alexander met in the hot regions of India, flames raining from the sky to fall still extinguished on his legions"(14.26-30)
Epic Simile
The underlying message Dante is trying to convey is the Blasphemers' punishment for violence against god.
It enhance the imagery and provokes a fanciful mood.
Popova, Maria. “Gustave Doré's Hauntingly Beautiful Illustrations for Dante's Inferno.” Brain Pickings, 4 Oct. 2015, https://www.brainpickings.org/2015/10/02/gustave-dore-dante-inferno/.
LitCharts. “Inferno Study Guide.” LitCharts, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/inferno.
SparkNotes, SparkNotes, https://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/inferno.
ArtRev.com. “Hell Canto 12 - Minotaur by Salvador Dali - Woodcut on Rives Paper.” ArtRev.com, http://www.artrev.com/art/detailview.asp?pid=3934031882&aid=117&mid=117&original=No.
Capaneus, http://danteworlds.laits.utexas.edu/textpopup/inf1401.html.
Works Cited
Thank You
Allegory
Allegory
Canto XII(Suicides & Spendthrifts): The allegory in this canto is the presence of Pietro della Vigna, who was driven to suicide by his emperor, Frederick II, spouting heresy about him. The importance is that it shows a newfound sense of sympathy for these souls, as it shows that suicide isn't just something people do to hurt themselves; it can be what they feel is best for others.
Old Man of Crete
The Old Man of Crete is a statue that provides the source of water through all the rivers of Hell.
Each metal on the statue represents one of the ages of man. The tears of the woes of man flow through man's decline.
This decline symbolizes the sins committed by the souls who suffer in Hell.
He stands in the center of time, his back turned to the east which represents the past and the birth of religion.
The statue faces the west which symbolizes the future and the catholic church
Dante & Virgil's Character
Dante
Dante and Virgil are sympathetic towards the damned. Their relationship is further developed and they get closer as they get to encounter the souls of those who are suffering due to very serious personal issues. They ask them about their fates, and try to help one of the souls, Pier della Vigna. Dante, the poet, seems to be indifferent towards the sin. However, Dante the character is very sympathetic towards the sinners and even talks to them. Dante, as a character, grows more as he realizes the severity of something such as self harm and how it's really doing you a disservice.
Dante & Virgil's Relationship
Dante's Virgil's Relationship
Throughout Canto XI-XIV, Virgil continues to guide Dante into Hell and his knowledge is crucial for Dante to complete his journey.
As they pass by the punished souls Dante feels pitiful especially in Suicide woods. Virgil's guidance teaches Dante about the unknown depths and their friendship strengthens.