Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Betty Neuman

Systems Model

Main Idea

The main idea of the Systems Model is that our body has these natural lines of defense to deal with everyday stressors and a line of resistance to stressors that have made it through.

Open system: A system in which there is always a flow of input and process, output and feedback.

Assumptions

Assumptions

  • The normal line of defense can be used as a standard from which to measure health deviation.
  • The client as a system is in dynamic, constant energy exchange with the environment.
  • Primary prevention relates to general knowledge that is applied in client assessment and intervention
  • Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology following a reaction to stressors
  • Tertiary prevention relates to the adjustive processes taking place as reconstitution begins and maintenance factors move the client back in a circular manner toward primary prevention

Major Concepts

Basic Stucture/Energy Resources

Basic Structure and Energy Resources

The central core is made up of basic survival factors. These factors include the system variables, genetic features, and strengths and weaknesses of the system parts.

Client Variables

Client Variables

Neuman views patients holistically, and consideres the variables that each patient could have.

  • Physiological variables: the structure and function of the body
  • Psychological variables: mental processes and relationships
  • Sociocultural variables: functions that relate to social and cultural expectations
  • Developmental variables: process related to development over the lifespan
  • Spiritual variable: the influence of spiritual beliefs.

Lines of Defense

Lines of Defense

First Line of Defense

  • Flexible Line of Defense: protects the normal line of defense from invasion by stressors.

Second Line of Defense

  • Normal Line of Defense: an adaptational level of health developed over time, it becomes a standard for wellness-deviance determination.

Line of Resistance

Line of Resistance: protection is activated when stressors have penetrated the normal line of defense, causing a reaction symptomatology.

Line of Resistance

Strengths and Weaknesses

Strength&Weakness

Strength

Strength

  • The view of the client that is equally applicable to an individual, a family, a group, or a community
  • The emphasis on primary prevention, including health promotion is specific to this model
  • The Systems model is relatively simple

Weakness

Weakness

The biggest weakness of this theory is lack of clarification. There are certain terms that could be more differentiated so there is less confusion.

For example:

  • Interpersonal stressors: occur outside the client system boundary, are proximal to the system, and have an impact to the system.
  • Extrapersonal stressors: also occur outside the client system boundaries but are at a greater distance from the system than are interpersonal stressors.

Case Study

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi