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Transcript

Different Types of Spectroscopy

By Zachary Zeng

Mass Spectroscopy

Mass Spectroscopy

Mass Spectrometer

Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Mass Spectroscopy only detects the ion deflection and no electromagnetic radiation is used in this process.

What region of the EM sepctrum?

How does it work?

Bombarded with electrons to ionize the sample

Overview

Magnet deflects the ions

Ions are accelerated

A detector will detect which ions get detected based on the strength of the magnet

Sample Element in Gaseous State is placed in the Mass Spectrometer

Electronic Transition

The bombardment from the electrons knocks off the electrons from the sample creating a positively charged ion sample.

Moleular or Electronic Transition?

Information Given

It tells you the relative abundance of various isotopes and their atomic mass.

Information Given by Results

Associated Equations

Associated Equations

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Photoelectron Spectroscopy uses Ultraviolet or X-Ray electromagenetic radiation.

What region of the EM sepctrum?

How does it work?

The high energy radiation ejects electrons

The electrons have their kinetic energy measured.

Overview

The electrons travel to an energy analyzer

A sample element is hit with x-rays or ultraviolet radiation

Electronic Transition

The high energy electromagentic radiation (x-ray or ultra violet) excites the electrons which causes it to eject away.

Moleular or Electronic Transition?

Information Given

It tells you the binding energies and the relative abundance of electrons at each binding energy.

Information Given by Results

Associated Equations

Associated Equations

Spectrophotometry

Spectrophotometry

Spectrophotometer

Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Spectrophotometry uses electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-violet or visible light spectrum.

What region of the EM sepctrum?

How does it work?

A light source is shined at a certain wavelength

The detector will detect the amount of light absorbed

Overview

If any, light will pass through the solution

A sample solution is placed in a cuvette which is placed in the spectrophotometer.

Electronic Transition

The visible light and ultra violet radiation can excite electrons and the energy emitted is the color.

Moleular or Electronic Transition?

Information Given

Information Given by Results

It tells you the peak absorbance wave length and that is used as the wavelength for the absorbance at different known concentrations to produce a calibration curve which can estimate concentrations.

Associated Equations

Associated Equations

Microwave Spectroscopy

Microwave Spectroscopy

Microwave Spectrometer

Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Microwave Spectrometers use microwaves on the sample.

What region of the EM sepctrum?

How does it work?

The sample is hit with microwaves

Overview

The change is measured

The microwaves affects the energy of rotational transition of the sample

Sample Element in Gaseous State is placed in the microwave spectrometer

Molecular Transition

The microwaves causes transitions int he rotational states of the sample.

Moleular or Electronic Transition?

Information Given

Information Given by Results

The change in rotational state tells you the geometical structure, the diople moment, the quadruple coupling constants, and spin rotational constants of the sample.

Associated Equations

Associated Equations

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectrometer

Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Infrared Spectroscopy uses infrared radiation on the sample.

What region of the EM sepctrum?

How does it work?

Infrared radiation passes through the sample

The detector quantifies the IR radiation absorbed

Overview

A sample is placed inside the infrared spectrometer

Infrared radiation increases the vibration of molecules stretching bonds

Molecular Transition

The infrared radiation causes the vibration between molecules to increase and stretches the bonds.

Moleular or Electronic Transition?

Information Given

It tells you toe percent transmittance at various wave numbers which gives information about the molecules functional groups.

Information Given by Results

Associated Equations

Associated Equations

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