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Nineteenth-Century Philippines
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NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILIPPINES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
ARRIVAL OF LAST GALLEON
INQUILINOS VS. FRIARS
- Galleon Trade
- End of Galleon Trade
- combination of traditional methods and modernizing efficiency
GROWTH OF EXPORT ECONOMY
- demand for Philippine sugar and abaca
- rapidly growing population needed increased amounts of rice
Galleon trade
- navigator-priest Andres de Urdaneta figured out how to get back to Mexico from the Philippines in 1565
- the traders of 15th century Manila and Acapulco embarked on a novel trading concept.
- Mexican War of Independence ended the Galleon Trade (1815)
END OF Galleon trade
- 1815
- (1830s) Manila was open to foreign merchants almost without restrictions
- Increasing prosperity of Filipino middle and upper classes who were in a position to profit by it
OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL
- November 17, 1869
- Easy passage between Spain and the Philippines
- "crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia"
- Through Suez Canal, travel from Philippines to Spain was shortened to 30 days
- brought even more income to ilustrados because of agricultural export
ARRIVAL OF LAST GALLEON
INQUILINOS VS. FRIARS
- Galleon Trade
- End of Galleon Trade
- combination of traditional methods and modernizing efficency
GROWTH OF EXPORT ECONOMY
- demand for Philippine sugar and abaca
- rapidly growing population needed increased amounts of rice
EXPORT INDUSTRY
- Sugar industry became firmly linked to world market (1836-1920)
- volume of exports to Europe increased
- Central Luzon, Batangas, parts of Bicol region, Negros, Panay
ARRIVAL OF LAST GALLEON
INQUILINOS VS. FRIARS
- Galleon Trade
- End of Galleon Trade
- combination of traditional methods and modernizing efficency
GROWTH OF EXPORT ECONOMY
- demand for Philippine sugar and abaca
- rapidly growing population needed increased amounts of rice
INQUILINOS
- provincial social class with an average holding of 2.9 hectares
- leaseholders of agricultural land specifically in South Luzon (CALABARZON) society
- Domingo Lam-co
- to weaken the friars' influence in Philippine political life.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
POLITICAL INFLUENCES
CADIZ CONSTITUTION
- 1812
- radical change of Spanish Empire; political revolution
LIBERALISM
- political ideology
- supreme form of generosity right by which the majority concedes to minorities.
BOURBON REFORMS
- Military affairs
- Government
- Economy
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
1
KING OF SPAIN
2
GOVERNOR-GENERAL
3
VICEROY
4
ALCALDE MAYOR
5
GOBERNADORCILLO
6
CABEZA DE BARANGAY
VISITA
RESIDENCIA
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS
NURSERIES OF SUBVERSIVE IDEAS
- Juan de la Matta
EDUCATION
- began the rapid spread of education from 1860
- ilustrados
- European intellectual atmosphere
"The eyes of Filipinos had been opened to a much wider perspective that their narrow experience before they set foot in Europe."
RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS
RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENTS
- abuses of the friars
- Spain became less and less willing to promote happiness and prosperity
- friars hacienda
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
1
REFORMIST
2
LIBERAL
3
ANTI-CLERICAL
4
MODERNIZING
5
NATIONALIST
???
Task 6
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