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GOVERNMENT

Adrianne Chow

Maria Montessori Academy

October 2019

dissolution

dissolution

When the end of the Prime Ministers term comes, the Prime Minister asks the Governor-General to dissolve parliament. After the Governor-General dissolves government, the Governor-General will tell the Chief Electoral Officer to issue writs of election. The Chief Electoral Officer then issues writs of election. Elections Canada then sends a preliminary list of voters to election officers. This tells them who is registered to vote in their riding.

What is a Writ?

A writ is a formal written order that tells election officers in each riding to hold an election.

Writs

Enumeration

Enumeration

Elections Canada (a non-partisan branch of the government) will then draw up the ridings and check to see if the population has changed, and change the ridings accordingly so that roughly 100,000 people are in each riding.

nomination

Nomination

Political parties must elect candidates to run in an election. As soon as election writs are issued, each party decides who will be its candidate for each riding. A candidate can also run as an "independent" meaning they have no affiliation with another party.

Basic requirements to be a candidate include:

You must be a Canadian citizen.

You must be at least 18 years old on election day.

This year, parties with a candidate in every riding are Liberals, Conservatives, and the Green Party.

campaigning

Campaigning

Once election writs are issued campaigning starts. The election campaign period must be at least 36 days and last no longer than 50 days.

During the campaigning period, the candidates try to convince voters they are the best person to do the job. To do this they:

- promote their platform (usually this is a document that parties use to tell voters about their goals, ideas and principles—it is a way for parties to put in writing what they would do if they are elected)

- go door to door in their riding to meet with voters

- take part in debates with candidates of other parties

Balloting

Balloting

Voting is an important civic duty for Canadian citizens. You may vote in a federal election if you

- are a Canadian citizen

- will be 18 or older on election day

- are registered to vote

If you are not able to vote on election day at a polling station you can vote

- on advance polling days

- at any Elections Canada office

- by mail

This year election day was October 21st, 2019

Tabulation

Tabulation

Once the polls close, it is time to count the ballots to find out who won. During this time, the doors of the polling station are locked: no one is allowed to enter or leave until the counting is done.

First, Elections Canada officials open the ballot boxes and count the ballots. Then the Deputy Returning Officer records the number of votes for each candidate on a Statement of the Vote. They also record the number of rejected ballots. The ballots and other election documents are sealed in the ballot box and delivered to the returning officer.

Most of the time a clear winner emerges after the ballots are counted, but sometimes the vote count is very close or even tied. If there is a tie or a close vote, the ballots need to be counted again in a judicial recount. A judge presides over recounts.

Parliament resumes

Parliament Resumes

Once the votes are counted and the results announced, Canadians learn who their government will be. The candidate who receives the most votes in their riding becomes the member of Parliament (MP) and represents the riding in the House of Commons. The political party that has the most members in parliament form the government. The leader of that party becomes the Prime Minister.

The party that gets the second most amount of votes is called the official opposition

If one party wins more seats than every other party combined it is called a majority government.

If one party wins the most seats but has less than half of them it is called a minority government.

Example

Example

For example, if the votes are casted like this:

Dinosaur Party: 14/30

Elephant Party: 6/30

Squirrel Party: 10/30

So in this case the Dinosaur Party is leading a minority government with the Squirrel Party as the official opposition.

If the votes were casted slightly diffrently like this:

Dinosaur Party: 16/30

Elephant Party: 4/30

Squirrel Party: 10/30

The Dinosaur Party is still the government but in a majority government with the Squirrel Party as the official opposition. This is sometimes known as an elected dictatorship because every single government will be passed because the government has the majority of votes.

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