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Healthcare's Significance Over Time

Introduction

The history and evolution of healthcare technology and it's regulations have improved drastically over a short period of time thanks to the Industrial Revolution and the laws pertaining to health insurance. In this presentation, this timeline will show the significant changes of technology and laws for healthcare.

Introduction

1928

1928

The American College of Surgeons established the Association of Record Librarians of North America, which taught to standardize information on medical records. The ARLNA changed its name and is now known as the American Helaht Information Management Association.

1929

Narcotics Control Act

On January 19, the Narcotics Control Act was passed, authorizing construction of two hospitals for drug addicts, and creation of a PHS Narcotics Division.

1920s

The first medical records emerged . Healthcare professionals began to use medical records to document details, complications, and outcomes of patient care for better results.

1965

Medicare and Medicaid were introduced and drove the development of healthcare information systems.

1965

NIH

The NIH received $20,250,000 supplemental appropriation on August 31 to intensify and expand support of research in heart disease, cancer, stroke, and related diseases.

1970

Medical costs rapidly escalate now that millions more are insured after the passage of Medicare and Medicaid.

Health Maintenance Organization Act

1972

President Richard Nixon signs

the Health Maintenance Organization Act as part of his national health strategy to reduce costs. HMOs are prepaid, managed-care group plans. But further action is stymied by the Watergate scandal. For the next several decades, presidents and lawmakers try,

and fail, to overhaul the health care system

Corporations Take Greater Control

1980

There is a shift toward privatization

of health care as corporations

begin to integrate the

hospital system and enter

many other health-care-related

businesses and consolidate

control. In 1987, the Census Bureau’s

annual estimate of health

insurance coverage in the United

States finds 31 million uninsured.

In 1968, this protein was found to be part of the virus that causes "serum hepatitis", the immune system, recognizing the surface proteins as foreign, would manufacture specially shaped antibodies, custom-made to bind to, and destroy, these proteins. Then, in the future, if the patient were infected with HBV, the immune system could promptly deploy protective antibodies, destroying the viruses before they could do any harm. Although the purified blood vaccine seemed questionable, it was determined to have indeed been free of HIV. The purification process had destroyed all viruses, including HIV. The vaccine was approved in 1981.

Hepatitis B Vaccine

MRI Scanner

MRI is a relatively new technology with its foundations beginning during the year of 1946. Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell independently discovered the magnetic resonance phenomena during this year, and were later awarded the Nobel Prize in 1952. MRI was being used for chemical and physical analysis until the 1970s. Then in 1971 Raymond Damadian showed that nuclear magnetic relaxation times of tissues and tumors differed motivating scientists to use MRI to study disease. With the advent of computed tomography in 1973 by Hounsfield, and echo-planar imaging in 1977 by Mansfield, many scientists over the next 20 years developed MRI into the technology that we now know today.

DNA Sequencing

1990

Dr. Leroy E. Hood patents invention of the automated DNA sequencing technique in 1992. The patent is owned by the California Institute of Technology. In 1995, Venter, Hamilton Smith, and colleagues at The Institute for Genomic Research published the first complete genome of a free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae

2000

Human Genome

The first draft of the human genome was announced. Three years later, it was declared complete three years later. In 1997, the NCHGR received full institute status at NIH, becoming the National Human Genome Research Institute in 1997, with Collins remaining as the director for the new institute. A third five-year plan was announced in 1998, again in Science. In June 2000 came the announcement that the majority of the human genome had in fact been sequenced, which was followed by the publication of 90 percent of the sequence of the genome's three billion base-pairs in the journal Nature, in February 2001.

2000

Changes in Basic Surgical Procedures

Researchers supported by NIGMS demonstrated that a simple and inexpensive change in basic surgical procedures — giving patients more oxygen during and immediately after surgery — can cut the rate of wound infections in half, thus saving millions of dollars in hospital costs by helping to prevent post-surgical wound infection, nausea and vomiting.

Chimpanzee Sequencing

2005

The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, which is supported in part by NHGRI, described its landmark analysis comparing the genome of the chimp, with that of humans. The chimp sequence draft represents the first non-human primate genome. Our closest living relatives share 96% of our DNA sequence.

Citations:

Sources Cited

Pnhp.org. (2018). A Brief History: Universal Health Care Efforts in the US Physicians for a National Health Program. [online] Available at: http://www.pnhp.org/facts/a-brief-history-universal-health-care-efforts-in-the-us [Accessed 30 Aug. 2018].

ALMANAC, N. (2018). Chronology of Events. [online] National Institutes of Health (NIH). Available at: https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/chronology-events [Accessed 30 Aug. 2018].

ALMANAC, N. (2018). Chronology of Events. [online] National Institutes of Health (NIH). Available at: https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/chronology-events [Accessed 30 Aug. 2018].

HHS Office, & Digital Communications Division. (2017, February 10). HHS Historical Highlights. Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.hhs.gov/about/historical-highlights/index.html

Bakalar, N. (2018). Milestones in Medical Technology. [online] Archive.nytimes.com. Available at: https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/10/05/health/digital-doctor.html?ref=thedigitaldoctor [Accessed 31 Aug. 2018].

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