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Transcript

Milgram

Mind Map

Alejandra Gonzalez

Aim

Investigate what level of obedience would be shown when participants were told by an authority figure to administer electric shocks to another person. participant group.

Aim

How was Data collected & type of Data

- The researcher sitting in with them gathered data based on how many volts the participant administered , and also recorded what the participant said as well their behavior during the experiment.

- Quantitative and Qualitative data was collected . Quantitative data was based on the amount and level of voltage shock that the participant administered to the confederate teacher. Qualitative data was based on gathered information of the participants emotions and behavior as the experiment was being conducted.

Research Method

Lab Experiment

Research Method

Materials

- Fake Shock generator and electrode attachments

- light system to indicate answers

- 15 to 450 volts

Materials

Subjects

Participants were 40 males, aged between 20 and 50, whose jobs ranged from unskilled to professional, from the New Haven area. They were paid $4.50 for just turning up.

Subjects

Strength

Strength

- participants believed they were being randomly assigned to either the teacher or learner

- they believed they were actually administering electric shocks,

- they all used the same apparatus, researchers used the same prods for all the participants

Weaknesses

- The participants where Deceived of the true purpose of the study and about the administered shocks.

- Many participants showed clear signs of stress and anxiety throughout the experiment.

- Withdrawal- prods used by the experimenter to get the participant to continue after refusing to do so suggested that withdrawal was not possible.

- Small sample group (40)

- Gender bias and unrepresentative ; The participants were all males.

- It is possible that being involved in the experiment may have had a long-term effect on the participants.

Procedures

- 40 paid participants were deceived and told that they would take part in a study concerning the role of punishment in learning.

- A confederate of Milgram posed as the teacher who would be administered shocks from the participant if they did not correctly memorize pairs of words by indicating his answer using a system of lights.

- The participant sat in the same room as the experimenter, apart from where the teacher was suppose to be.

- They sat in front of a shock generator that had 30 levers.

- The experimenter prompted the participant to continue at any sign of refusal using the following statements :

*Please continue (or “Please go on”)

*The experiment requires that you continue

*It is absolutely essential that you continue

*You have no other choice, you must go on

- The experiment continued unless the participant refused to go on or reached the maximum of 450 volts and administered it 4 times.

Results

All of the participants administered at least 300 volts . 65% of the participants administered the full 450 volts, 35% stopped sometime before 450 volts. Although most participants showed clear signs of distress, dissented verbally, and wanted to stop and continued to obey the researchers who prompted them to go on. Diffusion of responsibility was found to take place when some subjects denied taking any responsibility for the consequences. For Example,

“You want me to keep going? You hear him hollering? What if something happens to him? I refuse to take responsibility….”

Ecological Validity

Low ecological validity since the experiment was held in an unfamiliar room with the researcher along side the participant. Unrealistic setting with strange task to perform. Being paid might have increased the sense of obligation to continue on with the study

Ethics

Deception caused visible symptoms of anxiety, and stress upon the participant throughout the experiment, which may have had a long-term effect on the participants

Ethics

Milgrams' Agency Theory

The autonomous state – people direct their own actions, and they take responsibility for the results of those actions.

The agentic state – people allow others to direct their actions, and then pass off the responsibility for the consequences to the person giving the orders.

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