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Kamil Wiaksa
Memory is the faculty of the brain by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action.
There are three main types of memory:
Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response.
Three types of sensory memory exist:
- Iconic memory is a fast decaying store of visual information.
- Echoic memory is a fast decaying store of auditory information.
- Haptic memory is a type of sensory memory that represents a database for touch stimulation.
Short-term memory is also known as working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity, however, is very limited.
Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent on a visual code.
Long-term memory can store larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration.
Its capacity is immeasurable.
For example, given a random seven-digit number, one may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in short-term memory. On the other hand, one can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.
Research has suggested that long-term memory storage in humans may be maintained by DNA methylation, and the 'prion' gene.
mnemonic
Mnemonic device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory.
Mnemonics make use of elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and imagery as specific tools to encode any given information in a way that allows for efficient storage and retrieval.
There are many different techniques to develop your memory.
Songs and jingles can be used as a mnemonic. A common example is how children remember the alphabet by singing the ABCs.
A model is used to help recall information. Applications of this method involve the use of diagrams, cycles, graphs, and flowcharts to help understand or memorize an idea. e.g. cell cycle, pie charts, pyramid models.
The method of note organization can be used as a memorization technique. Applications of this method involve the use of flash cards and lists. Flash cards are used by putting a question or word on one side of a paper and the answer or definition on the other side of the paper.
The first letter of each word is combined into a new word. For example: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)