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ENGLISH CONSONANTS
Description of
English consonants
Description of English consonants
When we describe a consonant sound it is necessary to information about three different aspects of how the sound in made or articulated.
1. Voicing.
2. Places of articulation.
3. Manners of articulation.
Voicing
Voicing
of English consonants
Voicing refers to the activity
of the vocal folds. When the vocal folds are wide apart, consonants are said to be voiceless, when they are closely together and vibrating, consonants are said to be voiced.
Picture of Larynx
Voiceless Voiced
Voiced and voiceless
Place of articulation
Places of articulation
Bilabial
Bilabial
Bilabial consonants are made with both lips.
Labio - dental
Labio -dental
Labio - dental consonants are made with the lower lip touching the upper front teeth.
Inter - dental
Inter -dental
Inter - dental consonants are made with the lip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.
Alveolar
Alveolar consonants are made with the tip of the tongue touching the small ridge called the alveolar ridge which is located just behind the upper front teeth.
Palatal - Alveolar
Palatal -Alveolar
Palatal - Alveolar consonants are made by bringing the tongue to the alveolar part of the mouth and then to the palatal part when the sound is complete.
Palatal
Palatal consonants are made by raising the front of the tongue toward the roof of the mouth are called palatal.
Velar
Velar consonants are made by raising the roof of the mouth, behind the palate. This area is called the velum.
Glottal
Glottal consonants are made in the glottis (the space between the vocal folds in the larynx.)
Manners of articulation
Manners of articulation
Manners of articulation refers to the way the articulators are set so that the resonance effect is possible.
Stops / Plosives
Stops / Plosives
Stops are made by totally obstructing the airstream.
Nasals
Nasals
Nasals are made by the airstream escapes from the nose while they are being produced.
Fricatives
Fricatives
Fricatives are made by making a nearly complete stoppage of the airstream. The opening through which the air passes is so small that friction is produced.
Affricates
Affricates
Affricates are made by briefly stopping the airstream and then releasing the articulators slightly so that friction is produced.
Lateral
Lateral
Lateral are made by resting the tongue tip on the alveolar ridge with the airstream escaping around the sides of the tongue.
Tap / Flap
Tap / Flap
Tap are made with the tongue in the alveolar area. The tongue tip is a curled back. This curled back of the tongue is called retroflex.
Glides
Glides
Glides are made with only a slight closure of the articulators. The articulators are almost in the same position to make a vowel sound.