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Beyond Koch: How microbes can shape our health?
Dr. Victor Pylro
ESALQ/USP
victor.pylro@brmicrobiome.org
Microbial Ecology
Who is there?
How? When?
What can they do?
Where?
How to answer these questions?
Culture-dependent
?
Microbial diversity
in numbers
12
11
10 –10 microbial species
Microbial diversity
in numbers
10 species have been cultured
4
10 species are represented by classified sequences
5
7
less than 10 cataloged by EMP (29% only twice)
99.999% potentially unknow!
Culture-independent
Microbes in human health
History!
Germ Theory
Kock, 1890
Microbes in health and disease
Microbiome
Clinical Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology
We need microbes!!!
Bacteria and viruses are needed to help the body and brain develop in a ‘normal’ way.
We need microbes!!!
Microbiome
Vincent B Young BMJ 2017;356:bmj.j831
“...refers to the entire habitat, including the microorganisms, their genomes, and the surrounding environmental conditions.”
Human Microbiome
Are you a set of microbes?
Partially, YES!
At least ½ of you…
Human Microbiome
human pathogens
human pathogens
" ...Human pathogens account for much less than 1% of the total number of microbial species on the planet."
Colonization resistance
Where do our microbes come from?
Origin
Birth
Your microbial starter-culture is dictated by your birth and upbringing
Implications
Immunology
What can be done?
Bacteria can modulate behavior
Behavior
Mating preference
make you anxious
food allergies
food allergies
Adding Clostridium back in to our allergic mouse alleviated all peanut allergy symptoms
Diet
High fat diet makes you fat!
Antibiotics can make
you fat!
Perspectives
“There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.” — Ken Olson, president of DEC, maker of big business mainframe computers, arguing against the PC in 1977.
Perspectives
“We will never make a 32 bit operating system.” — Bill Gates, 1983
Predictions fail!!!
Brazilian Initiative
10K Brazilian human microbiomes
Clinical microbiology
X
Environmental microbiology
Clinical microbiology
X
Environment...
http://brmicrobiome.org
http://inct-microbiome.org
Thanks
Dr. Luiz Roesch (UNIPAMPA/BR)
Dr. Jack Gilbert (ANL/USA)
THANKS!
Questions?
The Brazilian
Microbiome Book
victor.pylro@brmicrobiome.org