Gene Therapy for Cancer
By ;
Soha Hosam
Nourgihan Ezzat
Hend Hazem
Gene Therapy
- DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein.
Introduction
Gene Therapy Mechanisms
- Introducing a new or modified gene into the body to help treat a disease
- Replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene
- Inactivating a disease-causing gene that is not functioning properly
Cancer
- Cancer is when abnormal cells divide in an uncontrolled way. Some cancers may eventually spread into other tissues.
Cancer
Types of cancer
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Mechanism
Mechanism
- Direct Attack on tumor cells
Inhibition of oncogenes
Suicide genes
Oncolytic viruses
Transfer of tumor suppressor cells
- Anti angiogenic activity
- Harnessing immunersponse to tumor antigens
Over expression of cytokine
Tumor viruses
Pharmacotherapy
- Used in treatment of B‑cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- genetically-modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy
- The patient’s T-cells are collected and sent to a manufacturing center where they are genetically modified to include a new gene that contains a specific protein (a chimeric antigen receptor or CAR) that directs the T-cells to target and kill leukemia cells that have a specific antigen (CD19) on the surface
Mechanism of action
- Kymriah binds to a protein called CD19, which is found on some leukemia and lymphoma cells. This helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. Kymriah is a type of CAR T-cell therapy
Mechanism Of Action
Side effects
Side effects
- serious infections
- low blood pressure (hypotension)
- acute kidney injury
- fever
- decreased oxygen (hypoxia).
- cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is a systemic response to the activation and proliferation of CAR T-cells causing high fever and flu-like symptoms
Reference page
End
- FDA approves first cancer treatment for any solid tumor with a specific genetic feature. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-cancer-treatment-any-solid-tumor-specific-genetic-feature
- NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from http://cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/kymriah
- What is cancer?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer
- What is gene therapy?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from http://yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-gene-therapy
- What is Gene Therapy?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/what-gene-therapy