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Gene Therapy for Cancer

By ;

Soha Hosam

Nourgihan Ezzat

Hend Hazem

Gene Therapy

  • DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein.

Introduction

Gene Therapy Mechanisms

  • Introducing a new or modified gene into the body to help treat a disease
  • Replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene
  • Inactivating a disease-causing gene that is not functioning properly

Cancer

  • Cancer is when abnormal cells divide in an uncontrolled way. Some cancers may eventually spread into other tissues.

Cancer

Treatment

Treatment

Radiation

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Cancer Immunotherapy

Types

Types of cancer

lymphoma

sarcoma

Breast cancer

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Melanoma

Carcinoma

Mechanism

Mechanism

  • Direct Attack on tumor cells

Inhibition of oncogenes

Suicide genes

Oncolytic viruses

Transfer of tumor suppressor cells

  • Anti angiogenic activity
  • Harnessing immunersponse to tumor antigens

Over expression of cytokine

Tumor viruses

Video

Pharmacotherapy

  • Used in treatment of B‑cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • genetically-modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy
  • The patient’s T-cells are collected and sent to a manufacturing center where they are genetically modified to include a new gene that contains a specific protein (a chimeric antigen receptor or CAR) that directs the T-cells to target and kill leukemia cells that have a specific antigen (CD19) on the surface

Mechanism of action

  • Kymriah binds to a protein called CD19, which is found on some leukemia and lymphoma cells. This helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. Kymriah is a type of CAR T-cell therapy

Mechanism Of Action

Side effects

Side effects

  • serious infections
  • low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • acute kidney injury
  • fever
  • decreased oxygen (hypoxia).
  • cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is a systemic response to the activation and proliferation of CAR T-cells causing high fever and flu-like symptoms

Reference page

End

  • FDA approves first cancer treatment for any solid tumor with a specific genetic feature. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-cancer-treatment-any-solid-tumor-specific-genetic-feature

  • NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from http://cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/kymriah

  • What is cancer?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer

  • What is gene therapy?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from http://yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-gene-therapy

  • What is Gene Therapy?. (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/what-gene-therapy

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