Prezi logo
Log in
Loading…

Poaceae

BT

Bobby Tsirambidis

Transcript

Poaceae

Haralambos Tsirambidis

September 25, 2020

Quick Facts

Quick

Facts

http://web.bvu.edu/faculty/hampton/taxonomy/Family%20Poaceae/Poaceae.htm

http://malag.aes.oregonstate.edu/wildflowers/plantlist.php/restrict[familyname]-Poaceae

Quick Facts

  • Known as the grass family

  • Also known as Gramineae

  • John Hendley Barnhart

  • 11,000 species & 700 genera

Poaceae

  • The Poaceae family is monophyletic

Phylo

Relatives

  • Seagrasses, rushes, and sedges are commonly called grasses but they fall outside this family

  • Closest relatives of Poaceae - all native primarily to the Southern Hemisphere:

  • Joinvilleaceae
  • Ecdeiocoleaceae
  • Restionaceae
  • Centrolepidaceae
  • Anarthriaceae
  • Flagellariaceae

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phylogenetic-tree-showing-the-major-clades-and-families-of-Poales-simplified-from-APG-IV_fig2_320820173

Herbs

  • Annual or perennial herbs

Traits

http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000032-2

Stems

Stems

  • Stems are called culms

  • Aerial

  • Usually hollow

  • Underground rhizomes

http://drmgoeswild.com/the-culms-have-all-the-nodes/

Roots

Roots

  • Fibrous and adventitious

  • Arise from nodes of the stem

http://idao.cirad.fr/content/oscar/especes/e/echcr/echcr_09.html

Leaves

Leaves

  • Distichous arrangement

  • Consists of a blade and a sheath

  • Parallel venetian

  • Blade diverges called a ligule

http://www.phytoimages.siu.edu/imgs/benctan/r/Poaceae_G_sp_30240.html

Male

Androecium

  • 3 stamens (1,2, or 6)

  • Filaments are long and flexuous

  • Anthers are basifixed and appear versatile

Female

Gynoecium

  • Monocarpellary
  • Ovary is superior
  • Unilocular
  • Style is short or absent
  • Stigma plumose

Fruit

Fruit

  • Caryopsis (grain)

  • Berry in some bamboo

http://www.life.illinois.edu/help/digitalflowers/Fruits/39.htm

Spikelet

Spikelet

  • Flower unit = spikelet
  • Primary axis = rachilla
  • 2 bracts at the base of the spikelet
  • No sepals or petals
  • 2-3 lodicles

http://www.life.illinois.edu/help/digitalflowers/Poaceae/12.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae

Nature

Poaceae in Nature

https://guidancecorner.com/poaceae/

Geography

Geography

  • The grass family is widely abundant on Earth

  • Grasses are found on every continent

http://www.outlookmaps.com/shop/world-antique-style-wall-map

Climate

Climate

  • Grasses are the dominant vegetation in many habitats

  • Can be found in a full range on environmental extremes

  • Very adaptable

Invasive

Invasive Species

  • Quackgrass

  • Reed Canarygrass

  • Kentucky bluegrass

https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5289560.pdf

Ravenna Grass

  • Introduced from the Mediterranean

  • Tall/erect

  • 30 counties

  • Future problem

http://www.phytoneuron.net/2016Phytoneuron/78PhytoN-RavennagrassOhio.pdf

Economy

Economy

  • Crucial role as food

  • 70% of the worlds farmland is planted in crop grasses (Judd, 2002)

  • Over 50% of humans caloric intake come from grasses (Judd, 2002)

Economy

  • Used to manufacture of paper

  • Bamboo scaffolding

  • Water treatment systems

  • Sports

https://www.labc.co.uk/news/hong-kongs-heritage-bamboo-scaffolding

References

References

Campbell, C. (2016, October 07). Poaceae. Retrieved September 25, 2020, from

https://www.britannica.com/plant/Poaceae/Economic-and-ecological-importance

Glimn-Lacy, J., & Kaufman, P. B. (2006). Grass Family (Poaceae). In Botany Illustrated (pp.

123-124). New York: Janice Glimn-Lacy and Peter B. Kaufman.

Judd, W. S. (2002). Poaceae. In Plant systematics a phylogenetic approach (pp. 287-292).

Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Assoc.

Michelangeli, F.A., Davis, J.I. and Stevenson, D.W. (2003), Phylogenetic relationships among

Poaceae and related families as inferred from morphology, inversions in the plastid genome, and sequence data from the mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Am. J. Bot., 90: 93-106. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.1.93

Vincent, M.A. and R.L. Gardner. (2016). Spread of the invasive Ravenna grass (Tripidium

ravennae, Poaceae) in Ohio. Phytoneuron 2016-78: 1–9. Published 29 November 2016. ISSN 2153 733X

Zomlefer, W. B. (1994). Poaceae or Gramineae. In Guide to flowering plant families (pp. 350-

356). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.