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Atoms

Starter

In pairs write down all you know about the atom

Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme

1 point

Proton, neutron, electron

Nucleus

contains protons and neutrons

electrons in shells

Atomic number

Mass Number

2 points

2, 8, 8

Isotopes

relative atomic mass is average

particle mass, charge

definition of ion

Periodic table in order of Ar

bond by sharing/swapping e-

3 points

Democritus

Thompson, Rutherford, Chadwick

R.A.M compared to 1/12th C-12

Equation for R.A.M

Atom is 0.1 - 0.5nm big

Quarks

Fission/Fusion

Mostly empty space

Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spec

How can we work out the mass of different atoms?

+

How it works

_

The main steps

Vaporisation- either by vacuum or heat

Ionisation - A beam of electrons knocks electrons off the sample

Acceleration - The cations are accelerated by an electric field

Deflection - A magnetic field deflects the ions. Light ions are deflected more than heavy ions

Detection - the magnetic field is varied until all the different mass particles have been detected

Results

Mass Spec Results

How can we use these to calculate RAM?

Video

What would the mass spec look like if we put Chlorine in?

Can you explain this pattern?

Answer

Mass Spectra of organic compounds

When we put organic comopunds into a mass spectrometer they break into fragments. These fragmests can help us identify the molecule

parent ion

Pentane

Can you identify the different peaks

Pentane

We can use mass spec to identify structural isomers

Pentone

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