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Leukemia
Ainslee Tolentino 11-2
What is it?
Cancer in the blood
Blasts found in blood circulation and bone marrow
What is it?
Large increase in immature blood cells
Terms to know
What is it
- Blasts
- Lymphocyte
- lymphocyte
- myelogenous
Blasts
Blasts
- The most immature cells are called myeloblasts (or blasts)
- percentage of blasts in the bone marrow or blood is important
- at least 20% blasts in the marrow or blood is required for a diagnosis of AML.
Blasts in the blood
Examples
Causes
How does it happen?
- DNA in a white blood cell becomes mutated
- WBCs divide rapidly with the same DNA
- Too many defective WBCs in the system
Symptoms
Symptoms
- Fever or chills
- Persistent fatigue, weakness
- Frequent or severe infections
- Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
- Easy bleeding or bruising
- Recurrent nosebleeds
- Tiny red spots on skin (petechiae)
- Excessive sweating
- bone pain or tenderness
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
- Test for AML and enlarged spleen, liver or lymph nodes are detected
- Blood testing occurs
- Immature WBCs are foun, AML is present
- does NOT determine what type of AML
Treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Biological therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Stem cell transplant
Prognosis
Statistics
Expectancy
- ALL childhood leukemia represents one of the most dramatic success stories in cancer treatment
- 90% of children diagnosed with leukemia are cured
- Adults have an 80-90% chance of attaining remission
- 40% of those who do survive for at least 5 more years
- 30% of them survive at least 3 years, with possible full recovery
Types of AML
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Chronic myeloid leukimia (CML)
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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