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Macromolecules

Sam Padron Pd. 1

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Functions

* to provide quick energy for the cells

* can also be used as cell structure

Characteristics/Properties

* most are hydrophilic (work well with water)

*most will dissolve well in water with the exception if larger carbohydrates

*larger carbohydrates will absorb water

Monomers/Polymers

* A starch polymer is made of glucose monomers in a branched structure

* Cellulose is a polymer made of glucose monomers in a straight, rigid structure

* The glycogen polymer is made of many glucose monomers

Examples

*sugars

*starches

*glycogen

*cellulose

Lipids

Lipids

Characteristics/Properties

* Polar phosphate “head”

* Nonpolar fatty acid “tails”

Functions

* store energy for later use

* make up cell membranes

* used to make steroids/hormones

Monomers/Polymers

* The polymer is triglyceride made from glycerol and fatty acids

Examples

* fats

*oils

* cholesterol

* steroids

* hormones

Proteins

Functions

*Key to homeostasis, or the body’s tendency to maintain stable internal conditions

*Help circulation

*Makes up structures of the body

Ex: Hair, nails, cellular structures

*System of defense

*Signal carriers

*Control chemical reactions with in cells

Proteins

Characteristics/Properties

* There are 3 parts the the protein structure; amino group, carboxyl group, and the R-group

* Each protein differs in the amount of amino acids

* Protein structures are folded

Examples

* Enzymes

* Hormones

Monomers/Polymers

*The monomer of amino acids make up the polymer of protein

* Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds

Nucleic Acids

Function

* store genetic information

* build proteins

Nucleic Acids

Characteristics/Properties

* made of groups connected to a base

Examples

*DNA

*RNA

Monomer/Polymer

* The polymer, nucleic acid is made of the monomer, nucleotides

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