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Bacteria are a microscopic single-celled organism that live and survive in various environments.
Prokaryotes are the simplest and ancient cells of this world meaning they were likely to be the first cells formed on earth. Prokaryotes are single-celled (unicellular) organisms and all bacteria are prokaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and also do not have membrane-bound organelles and they are a lot smaller than a eukaryote. However, they do reproduce quickly, have circular chromosomes, cytoplasm and a plasma membrane. Some also have a flagella.There are two types of prokaryotes.
Eubacteria carry the same characteristics of a prokaryote. They are true and traditional bacteria because they have various characteristics and can be found almost all around the world in many environments. All bacteria's fall in this domain except for the archaebacteria. Types of eubacteria are gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and cyanobacteria. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria are used a lont in making antiobiotics and other ways.We can find eubacteria pretty much everywhere on the world as it is inside us, on us and around us.
Archaebacteria is also a type of prokaryote and archeabacteria are the most ancient bacteria. They are mostly found in harsh environments and there cell structures are different from other Monerans. Types of archaebacteria are halophiles, methanogens, thermoacidophiles and chemosynthesizers. All of these archaebacterias live in harsh enviorments, for example, methanogens are found in a human's and a cow's gut and they produce methane and are used to purify water, halophiles live in very salty and dry places, chemosynthesizers live in deep volcanic vents and thermoacidophiles live in very acidic enviorments.
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria both are prokaryotic and fall into Kingdom Monera. They can be heterotrophs and autotrophs and they are single celled organisms. Eubacteria is found on and in us and it is almost all over the world. On the other hand, archaebacteria is found in harsh enviorments. The cell wall of both prokaryotes are differnt as eubacteria's cell walls are made out of peptidoglycan and archaebacteria's cell wall is made out of protein and lack peptidoglycan.
Bacteria reproduce both sexually and asexually. They can reproduce one asexual way and 3 sexual ways.
Binary fission is an asexual mode of reproducing and most bacteria use binary fission. In binary fission, the DNA replicates than the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Transformation is a sexual way of reproducing. Transformation is just bacteria going around and picking up DNA from dead bacteria or picking up DNA that is floating around the environment.
Transduction is another way of sexual reproduction. Transduction is when DNA is exchanged through viruses between two cells.
Conjugation is another sexual way of reproducing, in conjugation, DNA is exchanged through direct contact between two bacteria which is made by a pili and this form of reproduction increases diversity.
When the bacteria reproduces they can be found in three different shapes which are coccus, bacillus and spirillum. Coccus is spherical shape like a ball. Bacillus is more of a rod-shaped like a capsule and spirillum is spiral shaped like a worm.
Bacteria obtain food in different as some make there own food and others have to eat off of other living organisms. Others can also use oxygen as energy too. Obligate aerorobes such as tuberculosis need oxygen to live and they survive off of oxygen. However, some bacteria are killed by oxygen which are called obligate anaerobes, Clostridium tetani in deep wounds would be a good example of this. There are also baceria that will use oxygen as energy if it is available such E.coli in human intestines, these bacteria are called facutlative anaerobes.
Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food. There are two types of autotrophs, there is photoautotroph and there is chemoautotroph. Photoautotrophs are organisms that use the energy from the sun for food. Cyanobacteria or algae are photoautotrophs. Chemoautotrophs are bacteria that get energy from inogranic substances such as carbon dioxide. Archaebacteria are chemoautotrophs.
Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food so they have to feed off of other organisms to feed themselves. There are many ways a bacteria can get food from other organisms. There are decomposers which break down dead organisms and obtain energy. Bacillus subtillis is a decomposing bacteria. Then there are parasites which live in or on a organism and feed off of them. Pathogens are great examples of parasites. Furtheremore, there are photoheterotrophs that use sunlight for energy but, obtains carbon from other organic sources and there are also chemoheterotrophs that obtain energy by using inorganic molecules and breaking them down.
Over the years, bacteria has been used in a lot of ways. For example, alot of dairy products are made using bacteria such as yogurt, the two main bacteria that are used in yogurt are Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The function of these bacteria are to ferment lactose and produce lactic acid, which makes the liquid into a more soft gel which is yogurt. Furthermore, bacteria is also used a lot in the medical world, for example, bacteria is used to make antibiotics, hormones, DNA and insulin. This done by taking DNA from another source is placed into the bacterial DNA which makes a new strain that can be used to making antibiotics or other medicines.
Bacteria also helps us human a lot. They help break down food in our digestive system.