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Aztec & Spanish Codex
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Aztec & Spanish Codex
Kelsey, Raina
The literature in books and codices helped pass on distictive traditions.
Books, Codices & Literature
Codices & Literature
Aztec Books & Codices
- Manuscripts, called codices
- No alphebet
- Picture writing that included pictographs, ideographs, symbols, etc. (used to record info)
- Only the elite were taught to read
-Books helped record key ideas for speakers & stories told through oral tradition
-Often written on deerskin, cloth, ornate paper
- Folded accordian style so both sides of the book could be viewed
Aztec
Spanish
Literature
Spanish
- Latin; used by clergy and scholars
- Each kingdom had it's own vernacular
- Castillian (aka Spanish); official language
- Nobles spoke the language of power
- Language helped unify the country
Art, Architecure, Sculptures
Art & Architecture
The art, sculptures & architecture can help us get a glimspe of what the different societies used to be then.
A sculpture of a head of a feathered serpant
Spanish Art
Art
- Flemish and Italian influences
- Murals and Frescoes (11th-13th centuries)
- Ferrer Bassa (1324-48)
- Catalan School of Art
- Paintings reflected influeces of the Moors and Nothern Europe
-
Spanish
Architecture
Architecture
- Islamic Moor influence
- Unique architectural features
- Mosques and Churches
- Church styles modelled after France
Sculptures
Sculptures
Aztec Sculptures
- Most sculptures were religious in nature
- Stone sculptures of the Aztec gods were no displayed out in the open, or above ground
- Placed below ground level for respect to the underworld
Aztec
- The stone sculptors used tools made of wood, stone, fibre cords
Spanish Sculptures
- Most talented sculptors lived in Catalonia and Aragon
- Most of the best came from other parts of Europe
- Decorated civic buildings
- Masters created works for interior of churchs & cathedrals
Spanish
- Realism in art emerged
- Painters and sculptors worked together
- Polychrome wood sculptures
- Wood is carved and gessoed (primer applied)
- Gods
- Beliefs
- Practices
ImportantReligous
Religious Belief & Practices
Attributes
Aztec
Aztecs
- Polytheistic (believed in many gods)
- 3 main gods; Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, Quetzalcoatl
- They believed they were Huitzilopochtli's chosen people
- Human sacrifices
- Different gods and goddesses
- Religous festivals and ceremonies
- House shrines
Religion
Spanish
Spanish
Religion
- Roman Catholic; Christianity
- Strict kingdom rules
- Union and Oppurtunity
- Monotheistic (believing in one singular god)
- Afterlife; Heaven and Hell
- Punishment; burnt at the stake
Time
Time
The Spanish and Aztec had some similarites & differences when looking at their calendars.
The Aztec calendar wheel
Problem with Equinox
Spanish
Calendar
- Fell on the wrong day, calendar became inaccurate
- The holiest Christian day, Easter, would be falling on the wrong date if the equinox wasn't in sync
- Roman Catholic Church decided Easter would be the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox
Spanish Measurement of Time
- Followed the Julian calendar, introduced by Julian Caeser
- 365 1/4 days in a year
- Extra day in February every leap year (4 years)
- Solstices and equinoxes on the 25th
Importance of Time
- Each month was dedicated to a god and included a religious festival
Aztec
Calendar
- Followed the seasons and regulated farming and harvest season
Aztec Calendar / Time
- Each day of the calendar could foretell a different fate
- Life was coordinated by 2 calendars
- 365-day solar yearly calendar
-Main calendar ; xiuhtlapohualli (18 months)
-Second important ritual calendar ; tonalpohualli -- based on 260-day cycle
- The Aztec believed the day you were born would affect your destiny