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Hazrat Umar RA
8
Submitted by
- Nisha Arshad (15004
- Zainab Fatima (14110)
- Noor Fatima (12252)
SUBMITTED TO
- Sir Faizan
BS-HND
Semester -8th
Section-A
Hazrat Umar
RA
Battles
Battles
Famine/ Plague
calender
Khilafat
Conquest of Egypt
Death
Birth
Fall of Egypt
Islamic Democracy
584 CE
584
- Earlier Life
- Born at Makkah around 584 CE
- Son of Al-Khatab
- Al-Khatab is famous in Islamic history
- "One who Distinguishes between Right and Wrong."( Al-Khatab)
Characteristics
Characteristic
- Blessed with a strong physique
- A young shepherd
- A skillful rider - he could successfully manage even the wildest of horses
- A successful trader
- He was among the seventeen Quraish of Mecca who could read and write.
- A good public speaker
- A good orator
616 AD
616
- Holy Prophet (Saww) about Hazrat Umar (RA) such as, “o Allah, strengthen Islam with one of two men whom you love more: Amr ibn hisham [Abu jahl] or Umar ibn al-khattab.” (sunan al-Trimdi)
- Acceptance of Islam
Muslims could pray in public
After the Muslims had prayed in the Ka'bah, the Holy Prophet conferred on Umar the title of Al-Farooq
624-627
642-627
Migration to Medina in 622 CE
Participated in the battles of Badr and Uhud (624 and 625 CE)
Battle of Trench -627
Services
- Services before Khilafat
- Great love for Allah and the Holy Prophet
- He participated in almost all the big battles.
- Gave half of his wealth in the path of Allah next to Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) to sacrifice his belongings for the cause of Allah.
Services
634
Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
634
AS A CALIPH
- Tough and uncompromising in Islamic principles
- Three continents done his Khilafat
- The welfare of the Muslims
- He left a honorable legacy for Muslims after him.
- The Holy Quran was given to him by Abu Bakr (R.A) for safe-keeping
Address to the Muslims
Umar addressed the Muslims.
In the performance of my duties, I will seek guidance from the Holy Book, and will follow the examples set by the Holy Prophet and Abu Bakr. In this task I seek your assistance. If I follow the right path, follow me. If I deviate from the right path, correct me so that we are not led astray.
By God he that is weakest among you shall be in my eyes the strongest until I have vindicated for him his right. He that is strongest I will treat as the weakest until he complies with law
635-638
635-638
In 636 CE, the Byzantine Empire struck back at the Muslims.
The Fall of Persian Empire
The Conquest of Syria
Battles of Yarmouk- Abu Ubaidah
The Fall of Jerusalem
Envoys to the Emperor of Persia
Battle of Qadisiyah
Battle of Yamouk
After the fall of Damascus, the Romans prepared the fight the Muslims at Yarmuk. The Romans were greater in size than the Muslims.ABu Ubaidah Ibn Jarrah as commander in chief a battle was fought which led to the Roman defeat. 100,000 Romans were killed while Muslim casualties stood at 3,000.
Battle of Yarmouk
The Fall of Jerusalem
Amr Ibn al As led the army to Jerusalem after the capture of the cities of the Byzantine Empire. Abu Ubaidah joined him along with Khalid ibn Walid. Together, they laid siege to the city of Jerusalem. The people of the city offered the Muslims a peace treaty on the condition that Umar came in person to sign it.
The Fall of Jerusalem
Envoys
Umar RA sent orders for the army to make camo at Qadsiya and for an envoy to be sent with the Message of Islam to Yezdgird, the Emperor of Persia.
he Emperor became outraged and sent 100,000 men. Rustam, the commander in chief, intented to negotiate, to no avail.
Envoys
Battle of Qadisiya
Battle of Qadisiyah
Rustam ordered the construction of a bridge over the canal which separated the two armies. The Muslims numbered 28,000 while the Persian army had an estimate of 120,000 men. 30,000 Persians were slain while there were about 6,000 Muslim casualties.
The fall of Persian Empire
The fall of Persian empire
Umar sent new reinforcements to army due to the previous defeat. The Persians also assembled a huge army, with Mehran Hamdani as the commander. The armies encountered each other at Buwaib (present day Kufa). The Muslims challenged the Persians to cross the river, which they did.
The Muslims defeated the Persians.
This victory brought the entire western part of the Persian Empire under Muslim control.
Fall of Madain,the Persian capital/Egypt
637-638
Sa'd received permission from Umar to invade the city
Sa'd ordered the Muslims to advance into the river. 60 horsemen went first, followed by the entire army, crossing as if they walked on dry ground.
The Muslims won and with this victory, the Muslims owned the entire territory between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The Emperor was hiding out in Hulwan.
Sa'd sent an army to dace the Persians at Jalula and won.
Famine/ Plague
Calender
638 -639
Hijaz in Northern Arabia and Syria both faced severe famine and drought in the years.
Umar sent supplies of food from Egypt, which had partly been conquered by Amr ibn al As.
The famine grew intolerable and Umar and the Muslims made dua for rain which was answered.
At the same time, a plague ravaged Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. 3 notable people had died, Abu Ubaidah, Mu'adh Ibn Jabal, and Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan.
He decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
639-640
Conquest of Egypt
Amr ibn al As urged Umar to let him mount a campaign against the Nile Valley. He was granted permission .
He laid siege to the strongest Roman fort in Egypt, Fustat (present day Cairo), which he conquered.
The Roman Emperor became enraged once hearing this and set off a massive army to Alexandria, where Amr also set off to.They conquered Alexandria. Following the victory, Amr went on to capture the remaining fortresses.
639-640
Letter to River Nile
Umar banned the practice of sacrificing a young maiden every year to appease the River Nile. Umar sent Amr a letter with advice, saying the river flowed of its own accord. The letter was thrown into the river, and the river overflowed that year. The Egyptians were stopped from practicing unisalmic and inhuman customs.
641
641
- Introduction of Bayt al-mal
- Omar established the first welfare state, Bayt al-mal.
- The Bayt al-mal ran for hundreds of years, from the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century through the Umayyad period (661–750) and well into the Abbasid era.
- Omar also introduced a child benefit and pensions for the children and the elderly.
- Intorduction of judges and juries for handling local cases
- A police force was introduced to maintain discipline in cities
644 Death
644
Assassination of Umar RA
n 644, Omar RA was assassinated by a Persian slave named Abu Lulu.
He attacked Omar RA while he was leading the morning prayers, stabbing him six times in the belly and finally in the navel, that proved fatal.
He then appointed a six-member committee, comprised of able men to elect a new caliph
He died of the wounds three days later
Uthman was chosen as Umar's successor. The old Caliph died leaving behind a lasting legacy, to be carried on for centuries after his death