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Dr. Montessori Timeline

The early life of Maria Montessori

Born on August 31, 1870 in a provincial agricultural town called Chiaravalle, Ancona, Italy

Early life

Her father was a well-respected member of the civil service

Her mother was highly educated for her time and encourged many of the untrational and unconventional choices Maria made in her education and career

She excelled in math

Enrolled in a technical school attended by male students, with the support of her mother

Her first interest was in math

After completing courses in engineering, she turned to medicine and attended medical school

First woman to receive doctorate degree in Italy

She received her doctor of medicine degree in 1896 and became the first woman to qualify as a doctor in Italy

1898/1899

1897

Appointed co-director of the State Orthophrenic School in Rome where she studied her disabled students and was able to understand what methods succeeded in helping her students develop skills of independence and academics. Slowly the children learned to perform most of the everyday tasks involved in preparing the meals and maintaining the environment of the school.

She volunteered to join a research program at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome and developed an interest in the treatment of special needs children. She saw that these children needed stimulation. During this time, she read the writings of Itard and Seguin on the education and development of children.

Physician to educator

1897/1898

1896

Qualified as a doctor and became one of the first female physicians in Italy

Montessori's work with asylum children began to receive more prominence. She began advocating her theory that the lack of support for mentally and developmentally disabled children was the cause of their delinquency

1907

1901

Left the Orthophrenic school to pursue further studies of educational philosophy and anthropology.

She immersed herself in her studies and translated the works of Itard and Seguin into Italian

The Italian Ministry of Education did not welcome Montessori's ideas, and she was initially denied access to school-aged children.

She took the opportunity to work with "normal" children aged 3-6 years old, who came from impoverished working families from the San Lorenzo district in Rome

Study of educational philosophy

1904

Was a lecturer at the Pedagogic School of the University of Rome.

During this period, Rome was growing very rapidly, leaving unfinished building developments in poor districts, where children who were too young to go to school where left unattended as their parents worked

1909

1907

She gave the first training course in her educational approach to around 100 students

She writes her first book, The Montessori Method

She established her first Casa dei Bambini or ‘Children’s House’, which opened on 6 January 1907.

Her first class consisted of fifty children, taught by one untrained caregiver.

She came to realize children placed in a "prepared environment", where activities were designed to support their natural development, had the power to educate themselves and designed unique learning materials that fostered the children's natural desire to learn

Casa dei Bambini

1908

There were 5 Casa dei Bambinis in operation.

News of Montessori’s new educational approach spread rapidly, and visitors arrived to see for themselves how she was achieving such results.

1913

1914 - 1915

Holds first international training course held in Rome

Goes to the United States for the first time.

Montessori Educational Association founded in the United States. Its membership includes Alexander Graham Bell, his wife, Mabel Bell, S.S. McClure, and President Wilson’s daughter, Margaret Woodrow Wilson.

Second international training course in Rome

Second trip to the United States and demonstrated her work at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California (third international training course)

Influence around the world

1916

1929

1911

Went back to Europe and took residence in Spain

Fourth International Training Course in Barcelona

Anne George goes to Rome to take a Montessori trainning course and became the first Montessori-trained American teacher. She opened the first American version of the “La Casa Dei Bambini” in the fall of 1911 in Tarrytown, New York

She founded the Association Montessori Internationale to provide teacher education and guidance to the many Montessori schools opening around the world

1939-1946

1946

1947

Spent seven years in India because she could not leave the country due to outbreak of the second world war and was not allowed to leave until the war ended

In India, Maria and Mario trained thousands of teachers in the method

The years in India gave her the opportunity enrich her philosophy and approach to education. During this period, she made important discoveries for children between the ages of six and twelve

Returned to India and supervises the opening of a model school up to age twelve.

Returns to Europe and establishes a Montessori Center in London

The final years

1949 - 1952

1930 - 1938

Was nominationed for the Nobel Peace Prize in three consecutive years: 1949, 1950 and 1951

One of her last major public engagements was in London in 1951 when she attended the 9th International Montessori Congress

Dies at the age of 81

Held the first international Montessori Congress in Denmark in 1929

Continued to hold International Montessori Congresses throughout Europe until she departed to India with her son, Mario

Legacy

1958 - Nancy McCormick Rambusch and Whitby Bring Montessori Back to America

1960 - The American Montessori Society (AMS) is formed.

Legacy

Present day: There are thousands of Montessori schools around the world

Citations

https://montessori-ami.org/resource-library/facts/timeline-maria-montessoris-life

https://montessori-ami.org/resource-library/facts/biography-maria-montessori

https://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/events/montessori52/montessori52.html

https://www.notablebiographies.com/Mo-Ni/Montessori-Maria.html

https://montessori.org.au/biography-dr-maria-montessori

https://amshq.org/About-Montessori/History-of-Montessori

http://www.michaelolaf.net/maria.html

Resources

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