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Structuralism

Neo-Marxism and

Socialism

Jann Jarelle C. Duria

Marxist Theory of Development

CAPITALISM

Capitalism as a Stage Before Socialism

1

asiatic, ancient, feudal

2

socialist and communist-

ownership

2

3

Euro-centric

3

Capitalism

Capital

Labor

Bourgeoise

Proletariat

Neo-Marxism

Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy

"monopoly capitalism”

”state-socialist

system.”

”ideas were similar

to those adopted

by the dependency

theorists.”

Raul Presbich

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin (ECLA)

Structuralist

increase national standard living

industrial sector to national development worker's income

demand in domestic market

trading system "free trade" was an obstacle

"infant industry”

"Import- substitution-industrialization" (ISI)

Land reform

"latifundia" - landlords

"minifundia" - farmers

redistributing of land so small scale farmers would have larger plots, should lead to poverty alleviation and increased productivity

Dependency Theory

Andre Gunder Frank

coined the term "development of underdeveloped"

overthrow of Marxism is the

only solution

this is the solution of low economic growth

influence on policy-making was limited

overly concerned with

economic factors and

overlook social,

cultural/ political context

World systems theory

The two key factors are

global economic system

and the hierarchies within it.

Immanuel Wallerstein

-shares many characteristic with dependency theory

focus on state- level action and

excluding local-level process

World System

Dependency Theory

1. nation state level

3. core and periphery

1. world itself

2. historical dynamics of world

2. structural-historical model

3. core, semi-periphery, periphery

Socialist Approaches to Development

state of the means of production, trade, and prices

similar conception of modernity

often called "centrally-planned"

approach

needs of

population are

prioritized

socialist model of development

- access to health and

educational services

inequalities are

often low

Socialist model adopted by Lenin

focused on creating an urban

industrial economy.

Soviet

Model

Soviet timeline

1950's-1970's

1970's-1980's

1985

Perestroika

Success is undeniable.

Attempt to move

to new regime

Josef Stalin, 1929 came to power and the Soviet Project of the social ownership and production intensified.

Stalin's terror

- Approximately 628,500 were executed brutally and 15,223,500 people on camps

- environmental damage

- state control of economic process increased together with state power

Maoism

  • China, Mao Tse-Tsung

central state planning 5 year plan

- peasant revolution

- rural development

"Great Leap Forward"

In 1976, Mao death

Market socialism

- communal system

Communist Party

Public anti-government:

behavior is restricted

increase national standard living

industrial sector to national development worker's income

demand in domestic market

Socialism in Africa

In 1957, Ghana's interdependence

from Britain rural development

strategies classless society

Three main ideologies by newly independent African countries

Whiteboard

Whiteboard

1. capitalist development

2. Marxist- Leninism/

Afro-Marxism

3. populist socialism/ African socialism

The Rise of the Latin American left

response to the failures of

the neoliberal model

Brazilian Landless

Rural Workers Movement

Bolivarian Revolution

socialist policies

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