Urbanisation: Megacities Push Pull Factors/Concept Map

Economy

Shanghai is a major tourist attraction as there are many sites to see. One of the major attractions is Shanghai Disney Resort as there are rides, entertainment and much more. All the tourist attractions pulls people to let them spend money on places and things like shops and restaurants. The money supplies to the economy of the city.

5 key areas make up the economy which are people, business environment, market access, infrastructure and overall economical competitiveness.

Traffic

In 2013, a survey was taken showing that Shanghai has the worst rush hour in China. The population of Shanghai being 24.18 million definitely means huge trafficking. Shanghai gets clogged everyday full of cars, bikes and every other vehicle.

Statistics show that the traffic in Shanghai is extremely busy that you will have 41% extra travel time meaning an extra 46 minutes per day and 176 hours per year!

Consumer Revolution

The world's biggest companies such as Apple and Nike, are aiming towards Shanghai to spend their money in the stores. This relates to Shanghai being at the center of the Consumer Revolution. This attracts more people to Shanghai, as the people feel like they have luxuries and its an important city to live in. This helps the city's government put money into the city to help it grow that they received from the shopping centers and other places. Advertisements use a lot of persuasive techniques to make the billboards and TV ad's amazing.

Pollution

Pollution is one of the major push factors of Shanghai. China has quickly become the waste dump of the world with their many environmental problems. China has bumped up their development of an environmental city as it was so low, by using a recycling system for some of China's cities, including Shanghai. 300 million tonnes of waste was dumped by the people of China in 2012! Electronic waste was produced by China which was 2.3 million tonnes of waste. This relates to the Consumer Revolution and the economy as lots of people are moving to China so people are buying new things and dumping the old which creates lots of environmental waste.

There's many activities and events in Shanghai including art shows and music festivals. The top best event in Shanghai is the Chinese Grand Prix. It is currently held in Shanghai and gets extremely busy. Shanghai also has events like the Gucun Cherry Blossom Fair, the Shanghai International Arts Festival, the Yu Garden Light Show and many more too. They say that Shanghai loves to do Community Karaoke and anything and everything is possible.'

Activities/Events

Shanghai housing pricing has gotten quite expensive over the past decade. Some low quality houses may even be expensive too. China Investors say that Shanghai's housing prices are out of control every year. An average of 1,000 square foot apartment is going for about $725,000, or even five million yuan. Shanghai is 74% more expensive than Sao Paulo.

Pricing and Housing

Even though Mumbai is obviously a crowded city, the public transport is easily accessible and cheap. There are always buses and taxis available everywhere around the city and the Trains are only a 2-5 minute wait.

Out of all the people living in Mumbai, over 88% of them use public transport.

Transport

Crime

Mumbai is a relatively safe city, but still has high crime rates. Mumbai is ranked at 125th safest country in the world. Areas that are filled with tourists everyday are patrolled with the Mumbai police, which has decreased the crime rates.

Scams, terrorism, natural disasters, pickpockets and overall risk of crime are the most common high risks of crime in Mumbai. Transportation has a medium risk and mugging is one of the lowest crimes in Mumbai.

Mumbai contains a total of 2068 schools. The children's education is free up to a certain grade, but parents still have to pay for things likes textbooks, stationary and uniforms. Wealthier families send their children to the best private schools and others send their children to public schools in Mumbai. The school years starts at June and finishes around March or April. During October or November there's around a three week holiday.

One of the top ten schools in Mumbai is R.N Podar School and it was established in 1998. This school offers many opportunities and subjects including a pilot program and art infrastructure.

Education

Heart disease is one of the main killer diseases in Mumbai. Between the ages of 25-69 years about 25% of them have died from heart disease, and 19% of the people in all age groups have also died from heart disease.

Mumbai has struck out with many diseases such as Malaria, Leptospirosis and Dengue. Water-born diseases also struck out after heavy rainfalls.

Diseases

Climate

Mumbai's climate is very hot with high humidity as well as tropical and dry. 27,2 degrees is the mean average on Mumbai and the mean maxium average is around 32 degrees.

7.4 degrees is the lowest temperature ever recorded in Mumbai, while 42.2 degrees is the highest temperature. May is usually the hottest month in Mumbai whereas January is usually the coldest month.

Mumbai unemployment is increasing as the population growth is growing bigger and there are just not enough jobs in the city. When there are jobs available they tend to be good opportunities, but some employers don't have enough skills or education for the particular job. Some of the jobs in Mumbai need people with certain skills and that can be hard to find in a huge city.

Unemployment

Out of Delhi's population, 35-40% of them live in the city. It is estimated that it will increase to 60% by 2025. Delhi has beautiful rural areas for farming and agriculture. Vegetables are one of the main crops grown in Delhi. A few of the vegetables that are grown in Delhi are cauliflower, cabbage, spinach and even a range of herbs.

Agriculture/Farming

The climate in Delhi is either extremely hot or extremely cold. The average temperature in Summer is 32 degrees with occasional heat waves. The maximum temperature Delhi has reached is around 48 degrees and the minimum temperature is -2.2 degrees. May is usually the hottest month and the coolest is January. Natural disasters occur throughout the year in Delhi killing many people due to the climate.

Climate

Job Opportunities

There are many job opportunities in Delhi, but it still can be had to get a job as the population is huge. Delhi is obviously a big city, so getting a job close to where they live is very common. Its hard to get a job that you have to travel long distance for if you have a family and overcrowded traffic.

Getting fired in Delhi is actually a pretty high risk for many reasons. Its mainly because of financial problems and the ability of the performance. Delhi's ranked as one of the highest cities to get fired in India.

Lack of Clean Air

Delhi is rated as one of the most polluted cities in India, therefore now being the most polluted city in the world. The pollution in Delhi is mainly caused by the industries and vehicles. The overpopulation in Delhi also has a huge effect on the lack of clean air.

The transportation in Delhi has unclean engines, especially buses, trucks and two stroke engines. Slow moving traffic also effects the pollution as the traffic is always stopping to let people cross the road.

Over the past few years, Delhi has made some major changes relating to infrastructure. A few of the infrastructures in Delhi are new roads, bridges and facilities such as healthcare.

The healthcare facilities in Delhi are some of the best medical facilities for patients in India. A few of the Delhi hospitals include Maharshi Balmiki Hospital and G B Pant Hospital.

One of the huge infrastructures in Delhi is the Wave City Center Iconic Tower. This tower is 400 meters wide and contains 100 floors.

Infrastructure

Slum Areas

Slum areas are know to be in big cities, especially cities like Delhi. Slum areas don't provide living conditions for people, meaning slum dwellers are not able to live in a healthy environment. Although Delhi is a beautiful place to live, there are still people who have to live in unsafe and unhealthy conditions. The 'slum' population in Delhi could be around 20% of Delhi's population.

Slum areas lack important things like water and electricity. The people that live in slum areas have to work hard all day and barely get basic needs like water, food and shelter.

Culture

Tokyo reflects its culture in so many cool ways such as origami, dolls and performances. Japanese culture includes festivals and celebrations as well. The food in Tokyo definitely relates to its culture as the locals always eat their main food which is rice, and other foods like fish too. The Cherry Blossom is a major culture event in Tokyo/Japan and a huge sport played is sumo wrestling.

Natural disasters occur a lot in Tokyo with an extremely high risk. The main natural disasters in Tokyo are volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and hurricanes. People in Tokyo are actually quite prepared for natural disasters as they are used to it, but they say that eventually when Mount Fuji activates it will sink Tokyo and Japan. Natural disasters sometimes stop people from moving to Tokyo because they occur often and are dangerous.

Natural Disasters

Education

Japan is ranked as the third most high educated country, meaning Tokyo has a great education. Tokyo contains 19 universities and amazing private and public schools. Living in a city like Tokyo, parents want their children to have a good education for successful jobs.

The start of the school year is April and ends in March. Elementary school takes six years, middle school takes three years and high school lasts three years. 98% of the students go on with high school, even when its not compulsory.

There are many homeless people living out on the streets on their own with nothing but cardboard boxes. There is an estimation that states that there is possibly 3,000-4,000 homeless people on the streets. Some people believe that the longer the homeless stay on the streets, the longer it will take for them to find a job and get off the streets. A few of the main reasons why homelessness happens is from unemployment and economy declines.

Homelessness

Transportation

Transportation in Tokyo travels quite fast and its a really good way to get around the city. Many passengers use the railway system in Tokyo including a number of around 40 million, and about 8.86 million people ride the subway.

Parents actually send their kids on their own to travel to school. Nearly all parents do this in Japan, its just common. Usually the kids travel on a railway system to and from school daily. Transportation is extremely helpful and popular in Tokyo.

Pollution was a major push factor in Tokyo and still is. It was so bad, that in 1969 people handed out oxygen bags on the street. People have a high risk of diseases and health issues in Tokyo. The pollution in Tokyo makes people not want to live there or people not want to visit. It's not as bad as it was in 1969, but still a major impact on the economy, environment and the people.

Pollution