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104
INDIGO
- LOUIS FISCHER
KEY WORDS
CHAMPARAN
1. SATYAGRAHA
2. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
3. RESOLUTE/TENACITY :
DETERMINED/UNWAVERING
4. SHARECROPPERS :
A TENANT FARMER WHO GIVES PART OF HARVEST/CROP
AS RENT.
5. HOME-RULE :
SELF GOVERNMENT
6. DESERTION :
ACT OF DESERTING SOMEONE.
7. DEADLOCK :
A SITUATION IN WHICH NO PROGRESS CAN BE MADE.
8. PACIFIST :
A PERSON WHO OPPOSES WAR OR VIOLENCE OF ANY KIND.
9. SELF-RELIANCE :
ABILITY TO DEPEND ON ONESELF.
Q. WHAT ACCORDING TO YOU ARE THE GOOD QUALITIES OF A LEADER?
THEME
THEME:
- Self–reliance and how even
as a pacifist, effective leadership
can solve any herculean tasks or
problems, without harming
anyone.
GANDHI
BACKGROUND
1. SATYAGRAHA
- Satyagraha : (satya "truth", āgraha: "insistence" or "holding firmly to") Holding onto truth, or truth force, is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance.
- Gandhi first conceived Satyagraha in 1906 in response to a law discriminating against Asians that was passed by the British colonial government of the Transvaal in South Africa. In 1917 the first satyagraha campaign in India was mounted in the indigo-growing district of Champaran.
TITLE - INDIGO
- MOST OF THE ARABLE LAND IN THE CHAMPARAN DISTRICT WAS DIVIDED INTO LARGE ESTATES OWNED BY ENGLISHMEN AND WORKED BY INDIAN TENANTS.
- THE CHIEF COMMERCIAL CROP WAS INDIGO.
- THE LANDLORDS COMPELLED ALL TENANTS TO PLANT 3/20th OR 15% OF THEIR HOLDINGS WITH INDIGO.
- THEN SURRENDER THE ENTIRE HARVEST AS RENT.
LONG TERM CONTRACT.
PLOT
RAJKUMAR SHUKLA - LUCKNOW
LUCKNOW
- SHUKLA WAS RESOLUTE.
- HE WENT TO THE DECEMBER 1916 CONVENTION OF INCP, LUCKNOW.
WHY???
- TO COMPLAIN ABOUT THE INJUSTICE OF THE LANDLORD SYSTEM IN CHAMPARAN, BIHAR.
- GANDHI HAD OTHER APPOINTMENTS AND ALSO COMMITTED TO GO TO OTHER PARTS OF INDIA. SO HE DECLINED.
- SHUKLA HOWEVER KEPT FOLLOWING GANDHI EVERYWHERE AND NEVER LEFT GANDHI'S SIDE FOR WEEKS
- GANDHI WAS IMPRESSED BY HIS TENACITY AND FINALLY AGREED TO MEET IN CALCUTTA.
UNTOUCHABILITY
PATNA, BIHAR
-GANDHI AND SHUKLA'S FIRST STOP- PATNA, BIHAR.
- WENT TO LAWYER, RAJENDRA PRASADS'S HOUSE.
HE WASN'T HOME.
- THE SERVANTS OF RAJENDRA PRASAD KNEW SHUKLA SO THEY ALLOWED HIM TO STAY FOR A WHILE, WITH HIS COMPANION, GANDHI.
- GANDHI WAS NOT PERMITTED TO DRAW WATER FROM THE WELL.
'' LEST SOME DROPS FROM HIS BUCKET POLLUTE THE ENTIRE SOURCE"
MUZZAFARPUR EN ROUTE TO CHAMPARAN
MUZZAFARPUR
- PROF. J.B KRIPALANI:
(ARTS COLLEGE, MUZZAFARPUR)
- TRAIN ARRIVED AT MIDNIGHT, 15th APRIL, 1917.
- KRIPALANI WAITING WITH LARGE BODY OF STUDENTS
- PROF. MALKANI
(TEACHER, GOVERNMENT SCHOOL)
- "IT WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY THING IN THOSE DAYS, FOR A GOVT. PROFESSOR TO HARBOUR AND MAN LIKE ME"
"IN SMALLER LOCALITIES INDIANS WERE AFRAID TO SHOW SYMPATHY FOR ADVOCATES OF HOME-RULE"
FREEDOM FROM FEAR
- GANDHI CHIDED THE LAWYERS FOR COLLECTING BIG FEES FROM THE SHARECROPPERS.
- LAW COURTS USELESS.
- THE REAL RELIEF IS TO BE FREE
FROM FEAR.
FEAR
SYNTHETIC INDIGO
CHAMPARAN
- LANDLORDS LEARNED THAT GERMANY DEVELOPED SYNTHETIC INDIGO.
- THEY FORWARDED A PROPOSAL TO THE SHARECROPPERS TO FREE/ RELEASE THEM FROM THE CONTRACT (15% ARRANGEMENT) IF THEY PAY THEM COMPENSATION.
- THE CONTRACT WAS IRKSOME FOR THE SHARECROPPERS SO MANY SIGNED WILLINGLY.
- THE NEWS OF SYNTHETIC INDIGO REACHED THE ILLITERATE PEASANTS. THEY WANTED THEIR MONEY BACK.
- GANDHI MET 2 PEOPLE. WHO? WHY? WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME?
1. SECRETARY OF THE BRITISH LANDLORD ASSOCIATION
- 'TOLD HIM THAT THEY COULD GIVE NO INFORMATION TO AN OUTSIDER'
2. BRITISH OFFICIAL COMMISSIONER
- GANDHI REPORTS, 'THE COMISSIONER PROCEEDED TO BULLY ME AND ADVISED ME FORTHWITH TO LEAVE TIRHUT'
CHAMPARAN EVENTS
GANDHI DID NOT LEAVE. INSTEAD HE PROCEEDED TO MOTIHARI
- PEASANT IN NEARBY VILLAGE MALTREATED
- GANDHI DECIDED TO GO SEE, BUT ON THE WAY THE POLICE SUPERINTENDENT'S MESSENGER ORDERED HIM TO RETURN TO TOWN. GANDHI COMPLIED.
- HE WAS SERVED WITH AN OFFICIAL NOTICE TO QUIT CHAMPARAN. HE WROTE THAT HE WOULD DISOBEY THE ORDER. AS A CONSEUENCE HE WAS SUMMONED TO COURT.
MOTIHARI
- MORNING FOUND THE TOWN OF MOTIHARI
BLACK WITH PEASANTS.
-BEGINNING OF THEIR LIBERATION FROM
FEAR OF THE BRITISH.
CONFLICT OF DUTIES (PAGE - 50)
"THE BATTLE OF CHAMPARAN IS WON"
- GANDHI
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
-WHAT WOULD THE LAWYERS DO IF GANDHI WAS SENTENCED TO PRISON?
- SEVERAL DAYS LATER THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR ORDERED FOR THE CASE TO BE DROPPED.
"CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE HAD TRIUMPHED , THE FIRST TIME IN MODERN INDIA"
- 4 PROTRACTED MEETINGS WITH EDWARD GAIT, LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR.
- OFFICIAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY APPOINTED.
- ASSEMBLED A CRUSHING MOUNTAIN OF EVIDENCE AGAINST THE BRITISH PLANTERS