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Religious Diffusion
6
Christianity
Buddhism
Origin: Israel, c. 30 CE; Almost immediately spread from India to Europe; later spread through missionaries & empires.
A Presentation to
AP Human Geography
Fall 2022
by
The Rev. John A. Thorpe
Origin: India, c. 500 BCE; Almost immediately rejected in India and spread by means of missionary monks to SE Asia, China
Judaism
Origin: Israel, c. 2000 BCE. Spread throughout the world in the Diaspora.
What should we look for?
Hinduism
Origin: India, c. 2300 BCE
Spread by slavery, immigration within the former British Empire.
Religious Diffusion
Practices
Ideas
Community Architecture Symbols
Practices - unique ways of living or acting because of religious beliefs
Ideas: they lead to action.
Community - How does religion create social life, laws, culture, and customs?
Architecture: Both exterior & interior spaces can express religious history and ideas.
Symbols - shortcuts to religious ideas, signs of belonging
Hinduism
Practices
- Puja (worship)
- Yoga
- Asceticism (fasting)
- Festivals, such as Diwali
Ideas:
- One God in many forms
- Samsara (Reincarnation)
- Dharma (rules for life)
- Karma (last judgment)
Community:
- Family
- the Caste System
Architecture:
- Mandir (Temple) - any time
- Home shrines
Symbols
Judaism
Practices:
- Shabbat
- Kashrut (kosher food)
- Worship
- Torah
Ideas:
- One God (exclusive monotheism)
- Covenant with Israel
- Promised Land
Community
- Diaspora Communities
- Suffering
- Modern state of Israel
Buildings
- Synagogue - Shabbat
- Home
- Temple (doesn't exist)
Symbols
Buddhism
Practices
- Meditation (Zen)
- Ethics
- Nonviolence
Ideas:
- Built on Hinduism
- Suffering
- Detatchment
- Enlightenment
Community
- Shared Practices
- Monks
- Buddhist Kingdom
Buildings
Symbols
Christianity
Practices:
- Sunday worship
- Bible
- Sacraments
- Prayer
- Ethics
Ideas:
- built on Judaism (exclusive monotheism)
- Holy Trinity
- Jesus' death and resurrection
Community
- Church Militant
- Church Triumphant
- Family (?)
- Christian kingdoms
Buildings
- Church
- Cathedral
- Basilica
Symbols
Islam
Islam
Origin: Arabia c. 600 CE; immediately spread throughout the Middle East.
Islam
Practices
- Recitation of the Quran
- Prayer
- Family
- Ramadan
Ideas: Monotheism, Life of Muhammed, Five Pillars
Community:
- Mosque
- Community Centers
- Mecca
- Utopian
Buildings
- Mosque
- Minaret & Dome
Symbols
Sikhism
Sikhism
Origin: India, c. 1500 CE; Spread through immigration to Canada, Europe, and the US
Sikhism
Practices:
- Vegetarianism
- Turban
- Festivals
- Daily prayer and recitation
Ideas:
- One God (Ik Onkar)
- 10 Gurus
- Holy Text Guru Granth Sahib
Community:
- Family
- Gurdwara (local house of worship)
- Khalsa
- India
Buildings
- Gurdwara
- Temples
Symbols
The Unaffiliated
Unaffiliated
Includes :
- atheist (knows there is no deity)
- agnostic (doesn't or can't know the status of deity)
- irreligious (just not a part of life)
- simply not a joiner; spiritual but not religious
Historically, this requires a favorable social & political environment such as a secular, pluralistic democracy; or an anti-religious authoritarianism, as in some Communist countries.
Origin: Europe, 17th century CE. Spread by government, some forms of education, and proselytism.
The Unaffiliated
Practices:
- Absence of worship
- Ethics
- Activism
- Aplogetics (defending one's view)
Ideas:
- Naturalism (Nature and History develop without divine intervention)
- Materialism (Only the physical world exists)
Community:
- Struggles with creating community
- Finds community elsewhere
- government & party belonging
Buildings:
- The absence of religious symbols in places where they normally would be
- Quotations, abstractions