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Northwest Territory In 1840 - 1867
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North-Western Territory 1840 - 1867
Anamarija, Brooklynn, Chloe & Anthony
"What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of the colonies? (food, natural resources, labour, force, etc.)"
Economic Resources
In this time and the present there were lots of trading posts. And in the 1860’s, that was the only reason that non-Aboriginals would be there. Trapping was the main choice of career that Indigenous people could choose from. The Klondike Gold Rush (In Canada's Yukon Territory in August 1896, Skookum Jim and his family discovered gold close to the Klondike River. One of the most frantic gold rushes in history Was sparked by their discovery) was also happening in this time period, having many people to go NWT to search for gold.
Commercial Whaling
Commercial Whaling
There are around 33 species of whale in Northern Canada, 13 which were commercially significant. It was done by the Aboriginals, Europeans, and Americans, but by the aboriginals first in Canada.
Whale can be used in many ways:
- Their oil, blubber, and cartilage can be used in medications
- The meat can be eaten
Pros & Cons
"Who are the most important people in this colony? What important events occurred there?"
Important People & Events
- One event in 1862 was Father Emile Petitot coming to NWT to become a missionary to the Dene, an Aboriginal community. Realizing that the missionary must solve the problem of the language barrier in order to properly get the spiritual message across, the Father created dictionaries for many of the languages that the Dene spoke.
- Schools in NWT: In 1859, the first schools were brought to NWT, by Archedon James Hunter. These evening schools taught only reading, writing, and arithmetic. Each school night ended with a bible reading and prayers, showing that this may have been when Christianity was first brought to the Aboriginal Colonies.
Govornment
In 1862, the mainland area of the North-West Territory was controlled by the British. This was changed in 1867, when it and Rupert’s Land were considered part of Canada.
Government
Louis Riel
The north west rebellion was an unsuccessful attempt by the Metis people of Saskatchewan to create their own nation independent of “the Dominion of Canada”. It lasted only 3 months, in the spring of 1885. By the start of the 1880’s prairie residents (in present day Alberta and Saskatchewan), including Metis, Plains Indians, and White Settlers were saying that they were being ignored and neglected by Ottawa. They were angry that they could not get property in their name, and in fear that their land might get taken away by the government. During this time, Louis Riel returned home from the prairies in 1884. He, as the Meti’s leader, had spent years in exile in the U.S for being the head of the Red River Rebellion. The Metis and White communities in NWT wanted him to work his magic for them in the same way he did for Manitoba in the Red River Rebellion.
Louis Riel and the North Western Rebellion
Louis Riel #2
His first attempt was a political and peaceful one; he had sent a petition to Ottawa. As the parliament continued to ignored him, Riels strategies became more militant, and his mental health declined. He continued to believe he was sent by God as a prophet to lead his people. In March of 1885, Riel organised a temporary government and military. Armed conflict between his followers and the government, soon broke out in the Saskatchewan area. Riel lost the support of the white settlers and was never able to regain it. The Meti’s were finally defeated by the government. Riel was given a death sentence soon after
Continuation
Sir Frederick William Gordon Haultain
Alpin, Sir Frederick William Gordon Haultain is an attorney and politician. Haultain chose to move to Fort Macleod, which at the time was a part of the North-West Territories, in 1884 after passing the board examination in Ontario. There, he completed his legal education and practise.
He was then elected to the Territorial Assembly in 1888, won a position as the faction's leader calling for responsible government in the Territories, and after winning the election in 1897, served as the nonpartisan administration's first minister until 1905. He was viewed positively by both Liberals and Conservatives. As a person of the centre, he fiercely opposed to the influence of partyism in politics and insisted that it wouldn't thrive in the West.
Sir Frederick William Gordon Haultain
Sites:
Sources
- https://prezi.com/p/mr-3xpk_zj3s/northwest-territory-1862/#:~:text=It%20spanned%20over%20North%20Alberta,this%20province%20at%20the%20time.
- https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en
- https://www.canadashistory.ca/
- https://www.nps.gov/klgo/learn/goldrush.htm#:~:text=In%20August%2C%201896%2C%20Skookum%20Jim,news%20ignited%20the%20outside%20world
"Describe the geographical area (e.g. cultural background, population, geographic location)"
Geography
The North-Western Territory was much bigger than it is today. It spanned over North Alberta, North Saskatchewan, East British Columbia, The Yukon, and Northern Nunavut. The province has rivers, lakes, mountains, forests, fields, tundra, coastlines, and islands. The majority of the Arctic Archipelago (which consists of 94 islands) was part of this province at the time.
Population
The population of the North-Western Territories was only 0.2% of Canada's Population (around 2792 people). Native Inuits such as the Mackenzie, Copper, Caribou, and Central nations made up the bulk of the population, because not many europeans journeyed up there.
The climate was (and is) extremely cold. It has two different climate zones: the subarctic and the arctic.