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Transcript

PHOTOGRAPHY

REQUIREMENT 2

Explain how the following elements and terms can affect the quality of a picture.

LIGHT

Photography literally means "light writing" and light is the most important ingredient.

These types of light can affect the quality of your pictures.

LIGHT

Natural Light

NATURAL

Existing, natural, or ambient light is simply a regular light level that is available without the use of outside tools. A photo taken outdoors during the day, whether in the shade or sun, is a photo taken in natural light. Most photographers say that subjects look best if shot under natural lighting.

Low Light

LOW

Low light means that a picture has minimal illumination. For example, a nighttime shot. In this case, you would need to keep your shutter open for longer (which I’ll be explaining in the next section). Doing so will brighten the picture, as there is little surrounding lighting.

Artificial Light

ARTIFICIAL

Artificial light can be created through a flash as well as other light sources like lamps or ring lights. This light is used to brighten the subject of a photograph if the surrounding light is not bright enough to make them clearly defined. Most times you would use artificial light if shooting a subject in low light that you would want to look clearly defined.

2B

EXPOSURE

Generally refers to HOW much light is let into your camera (or phone).

This is controlled by a few different settings that can be easily changed by the photographer.

EXPOSURE

Aperture

Aperture measures the width of the lens opening and is commonly described in terms of f-stops. A high f-stop will increase the depth of field, and shrink the size of the lens opening. Below is a photo taken with a low f-stop (large lens opening). The subject is in focus but the background is blurry. If the f-stop were high, the entire picture would appear clear.

APERTURE

Shutter Speed

SHUTTER SPEED

Shutter speed determines how long your sensor/film is exposed. If you have a faster shutter speed, the picture will be brighter but appear more blurry. This is because the sensor/film is exposed for a longer period, therefore taking in a lot of light but also capturing any motion. At lower shutter speeds, you would need to stay more still to take a clear photograph.

ISO

ISO

ISO stands for ‘international organization for standardization.’ Essentially, ISO measures the sensitivity of your image sensor. For you, this means that a higher ISO will cause your image to be brighter but appear more grainy. Higher ISO’s are useful for shooting in low light. Most ISOs that have little grain are between 100 and 400. Anything above that will likely be noticeable.

2C

DEPTH OF FIELD

The depth of field determines how much of your image is in focus. A large aperture (small f-stop) Will cause a shortened depth of field. This means that very little will be in focus either in front or behind your picture’s focal point. Using depth of field effectively can allow you t better highlight the subjects of your photographs.

DEPTH OF FIELD

Composition includes every aspect of your photograph. Wherever things are placed in the image is a result of your composition.

2D

COMPOSITION

COMP

RULE OF THIRDS

The rule of thirds is a technique used to compose interesting photographs. If you imagine breaking your image into thirds, both vertically and horizontally, the middle of the picture would have four intersections. This rule states that people’s eyes are drawn to those intersections and that you should put the most interesting parts of your photo in those areas.

RULE OF THIRDS

LEADING LINES

Leading lines or paths can be used to direct your viewer’s eyes. As one’s eyes tend to follow vertical, parallel, diagonal, and horizontal lines, leading lines are great for emphasizing the subject of your photograph.

LEADING LINES

FRAMING

Framing focuses attention on the main subject. This can be done by using other objects in your photograph to place your subject in the center of the image. For instance, sticking your face through a window in a photo is an example of framing your face with its surroundings.

OTHER

There are lots of other techniques that can allow photographers to take great shots. These are just a few to get you started.

OTHER

MOTION PHOTOGRAPHY

MOTION

Capturing movement and motion is easily done with shutter speed.Whether you blur motion or stop action altogether depends on your shutter speed.

By having a faster shutter speed than the motion of your subject, you can freeze an image in place. However, if your shutter speed captures some of the motion of the subject, the image will appear blurred.

FAST SHUTTER

FREEZE

SLOW SHUTTER

BLUR

ANGLE OF VIEW

The angle of view is the angle at which you take a picture of the subject. For instance, you can be below the subject or above the subject or have the subject be on the side of the image. By changing the angle of you, you can change the composition of your photograph.

DECISIVE MOMENT

TIMING

Timing, when taking a photograph of something moving, is everything. When planning your timing, keep in mind that a longer shutter speed means a more delayed photograph from the moment you press the button to ultimately taking the picture. Nature photographers use timing constantly and help to reduce the chances of missing a good photograph by taking many shots at high shutter speeds.

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