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Relocation of Native Americans

by: Ally, Adam, and Albert

Background Information

Background information

Indian removal is the forced migration of Native Americans by the United States Government. The most popular example of Native American relocation took place in the 19th century and is known as "The Trail of Tears." Native Americans were forced to leave their eastern ancestral homelands for new "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi River Throughout this project we will highlight some of the Native American tribes that were relocated in a timeline style format. Words, pictures, and videos are used to show the removal of Native Americans from 1830-1839.

1830-1831

The Choctaw Nation began removal from Mississippi to Indian Territory, thus becoming the first of the Five Tribes to be forcibly removed and beginning a decade of The Trail of Tears.

Choctaw

(1.)

Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek

The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was the first transfer of land under the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The Choctaw tribe gave up 11 million acres of Mississippi territory in exchange for 15 million acres of land in Oklahoma. The treaty allowed those Choctaw who chose to remain in Mississippi to become the first major non-European ethnic group to gain recognition as U.S citizens. This was the first removal treaty carried into effect under the Indian Removal Act.

Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek

(9.)

1836

  • Creeks were voluntarily or forcibly moved to present day Oklahoma by 1836.
  • At one point the Creek Indians controlled millions of acres of land in present day Georgia, Alabama, and Florida.
  • After the American Revolution creek lands were taken in many different ways including treaties and scams.

Creek

(4.)

Video of Creek Removal

1836

Seminoles of Florida began removal. In 1832, the Payne's Landing Treaty took away all Florida land claims from the tribe, and provided for removal to Indian Territory. Ratification of that treaty in 1834 allowed the Seminole three years before the removal was to take place.

Seminole

(13.)

Treaty of Payne's Landing

Treaty of Payne's Landing was an agreement signed on May 9, 1832 between the United States government and chiefs of the Seminole Indian tribe in the territory of Florida. It called for the Seminoles to move within three years to the land assigned to Creek Indians west of the Mississippi if Seminole leaders found the land to be suitable and for the Seminoles to be absorbed by the Creeks. It also required that African Americans living on the Seminole reservation be left behind so that they could be claimed as slaves.

Seminole wars

1817-1858

Seminole wars

The Seminole wars were three conflicts in the state of Florida between the Seminole and the United States Army. The Second Seminole War claimed the lives of over 1,500 U. S. soldiers and cost the government an estimated fifteen million dollars. At its conclusion in 1842, with no peace treaty or armistice declared, roughly 3,000 Seminoles had been removed to the Indian Territory. Each Seminole war was deadly and costly and resulted in the opening of the Seminole's desirable land for white exploitation and settlement.

Seminole crash-course video

Seminole Crash Course video

1837

The U.S. Department of War forcibly removes the Chickasaw from Mississippi, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee, to Indian Territory (which is now known as Oklahoma). Unlike others removed from the Southeast, the Chickasaw negotiate compensation for lost lands from the U.S., receiving more than $500,000. They travel with their belongings, livestock, and families across the Mississippi River, following the same paths trod by the Choctaw and Muskogee Creek.

Chickasaw

(11.)

Video: Start at 2:20

Chickasaw video

1838/1839

In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears."

Cherokee

(12.)

Trail of Tears Video

Trail of Tears video

Conclusion

Throughout the Removal of the Native American tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, and Creek, nearly a fourth of the Native American population died which was approximately 4,000 Indians dieing of mostly disease, famine, and warfare. This unfortunate outcome resulted with Native Americans being removed from the south so that the white settlers had the land to themselves. This tragic era of Native American removal was named "The Trail of Tears." It ended around March of 1838.

Works Cited

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sDMlOuF1w0AsNUSdIbF8xnN7v6NFZjobeD7ZW-sTlRQ/edit

Works Cited

Video of a map of the 5 civilized tribes being relocated over the years.

Video Map

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