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Substance use disorder
DEPENDENCE
A physiological and psychological dependance on alcohol and other drugs of abuse that affects the central nervous system in such a way that withdrawal symptoms are experienced when substance is discontinued
It is a group of sign and symptoms recurring when a drug is reduced in amount or withdrawn,which last for limited time.दवा
Male sex (for alcohol)
Female sex (for prescription drugs)
Chronic physical illness
Physical disabilities
History of current psychiatric illness
Previous substance use
Lower economic status
Living alone
Forced or unexpected retirement
Broken or dysfunctional families
Family history of drug use or mental illness
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
6 Criteria have been given by the World Health Organization
Difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use.
A physiological withdrawal state when substance use has ceased or been reduced.
Evidence of tolerance, such that increased doses of the substance are required in order to achieve the same effects.
Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests.
Persisting with substance use despite harmful consequences.
Types
ALCOHOL
OPIOIDS
CANNABIS
COCCAINE
AMPHETAMINES
SEDATIVES AND HYPNOTICS
NICOTINE
Loss of interest in activities and hobbies and in personal appearance.
Red eyes, slurred speech,
problems with coordination and memory lapses.
Difficulties or changes in relationships with friends, such as joining a new crowd.
Declining grades and problems in school.
Frequent mood changes and aggressive/ defensive behavior.
Change in personal grooming habits.
Unusual smells on breath, body or clothes.
Personal
Physical
Familly
Social
Clinical
Assessment
Motivational Assessment
What are treatments for drug addiction?
1. Intoxication/ Withdrawal :
2. Detoxification
3. Methods of detoxification in withdrawal state
Gradual reduction of substance dependence in decreasing amounts.
Abrupt cessation with specific medication which have cross tolerance.
Benzodiazepines
Carbamazepine
An Individual Psychotherapy/ Counselling Session
The programme uses techniques to help an individual:-
1. Accept the addiction.
2. Realise our mind, body, and loved ones have paid a price for our addiction.
3. Work on our motivation to sustain abstinence from all substance.
4. Prevent relapse.
Self Help Approach
Eat Well
Relapse prevention strategies (for the individual, or the family member):-
Help the individual identify their high risk relapse factors and develop coping skills to deal with them.
Help the individual understand relapse as a process and as an event.
Understand and deal with cues related to drug and alcohol use and craving.
Encourage the individual to be open to seeking professional help, and facilitate treatment, if needed.
Develop and enhance a supportive social network.
Develop methods of coping with negative emotional states.
Learn methods to cope with cognitive distortion.
Work towards a balanced lifestyle.