TIMELINE - HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS

Book: The Cratylus or of the property of the names year 360 a. C.

1. Naturalism - Pythagoras, Parmenides and Plato himself shared thought

PLATO

2. Conventionalism - Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Democritus shared thought.

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE

He was not interested in the origin of language; his concern was the social function that it performs

• Language and speech

• Diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics

• Phonetics and phonology

• Significant and significant

NIKOLAI TRUBETZKOY (1890 - 1938)

NIKOLAI TRUBETZKOY

Father of structural phonology and morphophonology.

Distinction between phonetics and phonology.

Application of the dichotomy language - Speech to the study of sounds.

Parole - phonetics.

Langue - phonology.

Edward Sapir (1884-1939)

EDWARD SAPIR

Language: human institution, cultural product, elaborated through creative and collective effort.

Language has to be studied together with culture.

Linguistic relativism.

Franz Boas (1858 - 1942)

FRANS BOAS

Founder of cultural relativism.

Linguistics is essential to anthropology.

New language description method.

ROMAN JAKOBSON (1896 - 1982)

ROMAN JAKOBSON

Theory of distinctive features - Markup concepts.

In his Information Theory (1958)

Language functions:

1. Appellate function

2. Referential, representative or informative function.

3. Emotional, expressive or symptomatic function

4. Poetic or aesthetic function

5. Phatic or contact function

6. Metalinguistic function

Michael Halliday - Book Language as social semiotics (1978) - New point of view - unites the sociocultural component. In his grammar he postulates: 1. Ideative function. 2. Interpersonal

DELL HYMES

Establish the connection between speech and human relationships and human understanding of the world

“S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G” model.

DELL HYMES

MICHAEL HALLIDAY

• Book Language as social semiotics (1978)

• Systemic Functional Linguistics

• Language functions

• How language-based language is used nature of the linguistic structure.

MICHAEL HALLIDAY

LEONARD BLOOMFIELD (April 1, 1887 – April 18, 1949)

LEONARD BLOOMFIELD

Founder of the Linguistic Society of America in 1924

Development of structural linguistics 1930s and 1940s.

The context of situation was an important level of linguistic analysis

CHARLES CARPENTER FRIES (November 29,1887- December 8 1967)

CHARLES CARPENTER FRIES

Major figure in American linguistics and language education of the 20th century

Developed the university's English Language Institute (1941)

Explored grammar as a tool for communicating meaning.

AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD OF LANGUAGE LEARNING (ARMY METHOD)

Started in the 1940s as language training for World War II troops

Noam Chomsky - Mid – to late 20th century

Published In 1957

-"formalized theory of linguistic structure"

The impact of Chomsky's idea

-Grammar as an innate device

-Universal grammar

Noam Chomsky

-American linguist

-Philosopher

-Social critic

-Political activist.