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Colonization in Ethiopia

Geography/other details

Geography of Ethiopia

Capital: Addis Ababa

Border Countries: Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya

Topography: deserts around eastern border, Choke and Mandebo mountain ranges in central area, tropical forests in southern reaches

Double click to edit

Double click to edit

Oldest Independent Country in Africa

Before

  • original inhabitants: cushitic speaking people
  • beginning of Christian era: Axum kingdom emerged, became regional trading power
  • in mid 4th century, rulers of the kingdom converted to Christianity
  • most powerful from 4th to 6th century

Continued...

  • 632 Prophet Mohammed died; Arabian Peninsula and land opposite of red sea had come over influence of Islam religion
  • Axum kingdom abandoned as a political capital at the end of 8th century
  • migration south
  • semetic languages
  • Axumite culture
  • Christianity
  • 15th century: Muslim leader Ahmud Gran conquered most of Ethiopia
  • 1889: Emperor Menelik signed "friendship treaty" with Italy
  • Italy interpreted as getting control over their land

1868:

Abyssinian chief and his warriors

Italy vs. Ethiopia

During Colonization 1895~

  • Italians wanted national prestige
  • Battle of Adowa: Ethiopia defeated Italy
  • 40,000 Italian soldiers killed
  • Many attempts by Italy (and a few a by Great Britain) to colonzie and take control over all of Ethiopia
  • Italians colonized an area of ancient Ethiopia, known as present day Eritrea (seperate country)

Battle of Adowa

(Abyssinia left, Italy right)

Battle of Adowa

  • fought on March 1, 1896
  • near the town Adwa, Ethiopia
  • between Kingdom of Italy and Ethiopian Empire
  • Italy had obtained Somalia and Eritrea (border countries) in Berlin Conference
  • secured Ethiopian sovereignity for another few decades
  • Menelik ll was Ethiopian leader

Battle of Adowa

Economy

Impacts after Battle of Adowa

Details

  • during reign of Mengistu Haile...
  • famine
  • civil war
  • failed socialist development policies
  • 2000: third poorest country in world
  • over 50% of pop. living under global poverty line
  • over next 16 years:
  • became third fastest growing economy in world
  • poverty rate 31%
  • economy (currently) based on agriculture

Percentages and facts

GDP per capita

from 2008 to 2016 (only 6 years!)

Graph of GDP

Government

After

  • Before colonization attempts: leaders fluctuated
  • 1530's: Ahmad Gran
  • 1818~1868: Lij Kasa
  • 1800's: Emporer Menelik
  • late 1800's: Yohannes IV

Culture

Culture Impacts

  • social classes differ depending on where you live...
  • rural areas:
  • amount of cattle
  • amount of grain
  • urban areas:
  • amount of education,
  • the kind of neighborhood
  • job, how much money you earn

Capital of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa

Urban

A village in Ethiopia's Somali region

Rural

African Countries Not Officially Colonized Were...

Liberia, too?

  • Ethiopia and Liberia
  • Liberia: country for freed slaves wanting to return to Africa
  • Ethiopia: many attempts to colonize, Italians never gained full control

Independence

Ethiopia

Independence

  • October 1935: Independence interrupted by Second-Italo-Ethiopian War
  • Italian occupation for Ethiopia: 1936~1941
  • only five years, much shorter than other African colonization

Legacies of Ethiopian History

Influences/Legacies of Ethiopian History:

  • Ethiopia is one of the only two countries in Africa NOT colonized!!
  • resisted conquer attempts from Britain and Italy
  • managed to stay an independent country (except for 5 years, which is very short compared to other countries)
  • was the third poorest country in the world in 2000, but is now the third fastest economy growth

**My Citations/Resources

“Africa/.” World Atlas, Worldatlas, 7 Apr. 2017,

www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/ethiopia/etland.htm.

“Ethiopia.” Countries and Their Cultures,

www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Ethiopia.html.

“Ethiopia Profile - Timeline.” BBC News, BBC, 26 Oct. 2018,

www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13351397.

“History History.” Ethiopia Portal,

www.ethiopia.gov.et/history?p_p_id=56_INSTANCE_eglYuFCcMdKJ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=nor mal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_56_INSTANCE_eglYuFCcMdKJ_page=1.

Marcus, Harold G., and Assefa Mehretu. “Ethiopia.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,

29 Oct. 2018,

www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Sports-and-recreation#ref129421.

Sahoboss. “Ethiopia.” South African History Online, 7 June 2018,

www.sahistory.org.za/place/ethiopia.

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