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Mariam Ismail
A civilization is well organized and complex human society that often has a specific culture or way of life.
4 examples of the characteristics of civilization are.
Ancient Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia between the Euphrates and the Tigris river. The Sumerians lived from ~5400 B.C.E to ~1700 B.C.E
Cuneiform is one of the earliest highly developed written languages created by the ancient Sumerians .It was used to record information on goods they traded with each other. Cuneiform was originally based on pictographs which were drawings that had different meanings. Scribes eventually started drawing pictographs with a series of simpler lines. They would write with pointed reeds that were known as a stylus which they used to carve their writing in pieces of wet clay , at the end of their sentences they would press the corner of the stylus into the clay which made a wedge/triangle shape. Because of the shape it made nineteenth-century scholars named it cuneiform writing meaning wedge shaped writing.
Cuneiform writing conects to written language and trade.
The Sumerian arches were inverted U - or V - shaped openings built above doorways. The arches were made out of bricks that would be stacked on top of each other until they met in the middle.The bricks were made by mixing river clay with straw and pressing it into a mold, they would then bake the bricks in the sun or in an oven, eventually in 3000 B.C.E builders made special brick molds that made the bricks fit together better. Arches aloud builders to create bigger openings above doorways then the single piece of wood they used before.Arches started of being built only above tombs, they later started building more elaborate arches over bridges, temple entrances and the homes of wealthy people.Arches enhanced the artistic quality and added both strength and beauty to Sumerian Architecture.
The arch connects to arts and architecture and technology.