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4/2/2020
TEAM HINDU CREATED BY CHAD BROWN AND HONGJIE WANG
INDIA
MAP
OVERVIEW
There are over 1 billion people in India, as well as other parts of south east Asia that practice Hinduism.
Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world ranking behind Islam and Christianity. It is estimated that 14% of the world population practices Hinduism. Asian Indians make up the largest South Asian subgroup in the United States and they are also one of the fastest growing groups in the United States (Roberts, Mann & Montgomery , 2016).
India (n.d.)
FLAG
Indian flag (n.d.)
ANTHEM
https://youtu.be/8yMvU73Wr7Q
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
There are about 18 languages spoken in India and Hindi is the official language.
Approximately 40.2% of the Indian population speaks Hindi.
English is considered a second official language of India.
English is also spoken by the majority of the population to improve social mobility and compete in the workforce.
Most of the population is bilingual.
schools teach English as well as Hindi.
Hindi is regional dialect with a variety of common structural and interchangeable content elements. There are three styles of communication, low, medium, and high dealing with the social class of the individual.
Most people are soft-spoken, with head movements and hand gestures to accentuate conversation.
(Giger, 2017)
COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Conversations between men maintain eye contact as a sign of respect.
Women are expected to show respect to men other than their husband by drawing their eyes downward.
It is inappropriate for man other than the husband to extent his hand toward her in greeting and/or maintain direct eye contact with a woman.
Married couples maybe affectionate through touch but only in the privacy of their own home and never in front of children or guests.
(Giger, 2017)
SPACE
SPACE
India is overpopulated country, with buildings of elaborate architectural design. Automobile has been poorly adapted due to cities being so physically crowded.
Nursing care
Family- oriented people without viewing family as intrusive in personal space parameters.
Health care decisions are often made communally with the senior family member or the eldest son as the final authority.
Highly valued role of grandparent is raising the grandchildren. (Giger, 2017)
(India's population, n.d.)
FAMILY DYNAMICS
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
In traditional East Indian Hindu households, married sons live with the family under the parental roof and are subject to parental authority. The average joint family is composed of six or seven family members, and the family may comprise of several generations.
The patriarch controls the finances of the group, giving the sons allowances from their earnings. The primary role of men in the household is to provide financial income to support the family. The hierarchy of the joint family places the father or eldest son at the highest level.
The matriarch is the autocrat of the house, and her daughters-in-law are subject to her rule.
The East Indian Hindu father is perceived as being distant from his children, who prefer to bond closely with their mother. The eldest son is destined to continue the family name and perform the holy death rites (Goyal, 2016).
East Indians have long considered marriage a financial and social arrangement designed to strengthen the position of the whole family. They are arranged by the parents or other intermediaries.
(Giger, 2017)
CASTE SYSTEM
(caste system, n.d.)
CASTE SYSTEM
For centuries East Indians have divided themselves by castes. There are four castes; the Brahmins, or priestly caste; the Kshatriya, or warrior caste; the Vaisyas, or trading and farming caste; and the Shudras, or artisan caste. Outside the caste system, another group of people were referred to as untouchables, who handled dead animals, garbage, and the dead. An individual became a member of a caste at birth, and it was believed only death would release an individual.
(Giger, 2017)
RELIGION
(Hinduism, n.d.)
RELIGION
The Hindu religion may be the oldest religion in the world. Major scriptures are the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad-Gita. Key teachings of Hinduism emphasize the importance of satya (truthfulness, reality), self-control, and respect for others. Many practicing Hindus engage in meditation, pranayama (breathing exercises), singing of bhajans (sacred hymns), yoga, and daily prayer. The Hindu religion is polytheistic in the sense that there are numerous gods and goddesses, but there is an overriding sense of a supreme spirit.
(Giger, 2017)
BHAJANS
BHAJANS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gjj_oo24Rks
TIME
There is a strong presence of Past, Present, and Future self. Hindus are past oriented because traditions and rituals are inherent to the culture. The Hindu culture is focused on the concept of "beings in becoming". They are perceived as future oriented because life in the present is lived with an emphasis of the hereafter. Hindus seek the one reality at the highest intellectual level. There is a strong belief in the Hindu culture of reincarnation and past lives. The precise form of each rebirth is determined by the balancing of being’s deeds, good and evil, in previous existence.
Patients may place little value on some present things, such as being on time for appointments, but may place considerable importance on other present- oriented concepts, such as the spiritual atonement of self. Patients may place equal importance on past- oriented things, such as traditions and rituals, and on future-oriented concepts, such as the preparations of the soul for the life hereafter.
(Giger, 2017)
TIME
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND ILLNESS
Hindus believe in the man-to-nature orientation, meaning that man is not only subjected to nature but also has the need to live in harmony with nature. Hindus are viewed as having both an internal and external locus of control, meaning that some Hindu people believe that although external forces control destiny, internal forces, such as feeling states or misuse of the body, can also control destiny.
Classical East Indian theory states that the human body consists of five natural elements: earth (bones and muscles), water (phlegm), fire (gall), wind (vayu), and space (in hollow organs). Water, fire, and wind are the three elements that interact in harmony to produce wellness. The intention of medical treatment addressed not only the disease symptoms but also the diagnosis of causes.
(Giger, 2017)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
HYGIENE AND DEATH
HYGIENE AND DEATH
(Death ritual, n.d.)
Personal hygiene is very important to East Indian Hindus. A bath is required everyday as due to religious duty. Cold and hot bathes are thought to treat and cause various illnesses. A bath is not to be taken after a meal and hot water may be added to cold water, but cold water may not be added to hot water.
Death is perceived as a passage from one existence to another. Hindus believe that all creatures are in a process of spiritual evolution extending through limitless cycles of time. Each atman (basic self) strives through successful rebirths to acend the scale of merit until, after a life rectitude, self-control, nonviolence, charity, reverence for all living creatures, and devotion to ritual, it wins liberation from worldly existence to achieve union with Brahma. When a person dies, the death rite is completed by friends, family, and priests by offering religious prayers and chants and grieving with one another.
(Giger, 2017)
BIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS
(Physical variation, n.d.)
BIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS
Biological variations are the diverse "normals" within cultural groups that make them unique. Such as racial strains (body structure and skin color), enzymatic and genetic variations, susceptibility to disease, psychological characteristics as well as nutrition deficiencies and preferences.
• Variations in racial strain:
Mediterranean strain, Broad- headed strain, Nordic strain, Mongoloid strain, Negritos, Proto-Australoids.
(Giger, 2017)
ENZYMATIC AND DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY
ENZYMATIC, NUTRITION, AND DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY
• Enzymatic and genetic variations:
Thalassemia, Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, Lactose intolerance,
• Susceptibility to disease:
Heat stress.
Children grown up in hot climate tend to be more slender, thinner arms and legs than their counterparts raised in more temperate areas.
Stroke: prevalence is variable, from 40 to 270 per 100,000 people, 12% of which occur in people less than 40 years of age.
• Nutrition deficiencies and preferences:
Vegetarian diet (grains, legumes),
Northern and western India-baked or fried cake, breads (chapatie, puri and paratha).
Eastern and southern India- rice, very light breakfast, heavy meal at midday, light meal between 7 and 9 p.m. Right hand for eating.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NURSING CARE
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NURSING CARE
(Shakti, n.d.)
• psychological characteristics:
community tolerance for mental illness. Eastern Indian women have less mental illness with the belief Shakti (feminine spiritual power).
Delusion and hallucinations are often related to possession by a god, demons, or a witch because of belief in super-natural forces. So the treatment should be sociologically based on the beliefs about cause of illness, such as exorcism of a spirit, demon, or god.
Some drugs such as cocaine, opium and marijuana are legal in Indian.
Nursing care
Development of a culturally appropriate plan of care with nutritionist or dietitian and family in special conditions, such as pregnancy, fasting, thalassemia and G-6-PD deficiency.
(Giger, 2017)
TRADITIONAL INDIAN LUNCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ulmi2KeP_vY
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Andrews, M. M., & Boyle, J. S. (2016). Transcultural concepts in nursing care. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Giger, J. N. (2017). Transcultural nursing: assessment & intervention. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Goyal, D. (2016). Perinatal Practices & Traditions Among Asian Indian Women. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 41(2), 90–97. doi: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000222
India. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/countries/india/
India's population. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/06/17/India-likely-to-add-273-million-people-between-2019-and-2050-UN-report.html
Indian flag. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://depositphotos.com/vector-images/indian-flag.html
Jana Gana Mana - India National Anthem English lyrics. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yMvU73Wr7Q
Physical variations. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/social-factors-too-define-skin-colour-of-indians/article24725780.ece
Roberts, L. R., Mann, S. K., & Montgomery, S. B. (2016). Mental Health and Sociocultural Determinants in an Asian Indian Community. Family & Community Health, 39(1), 31–39. doi: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000087
Shakti. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://kundaliniandcelltowers.com/mother-shakti-goddess-transmission-observations.html
Traditional Indian Lunch Cooking in an Indian Village Vegetarian Food Recipes. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ulmi2KeP_vY
REFERENCES
Caste system. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-caste-system-of-india.html
Death ritual . (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://cremationinstitute.com/hindu-cremation-funeral/
Hinduism. (n.d.). photograph. Retrieved from https://leapoffaithchloe.com/faiths/hinduism/
Top 10 Morning Bhajans Super Hit Hindi Devotional Songs Cover Best Hindi Bhajan From Film. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gjj_oo24Rks