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Transcript

Dark Tourism

Structure

Structure

1. Definition - What is Dark Tourism ?

2. Background & History

3. Types & Examples

4. Ethical Point of View

5. Future

1. Definition

  • travel to places associated with suffering & death
  • no cliche to a carefree holiday atmosphere

Definition

  • increased tourist interest worldwide
  • controversial way of traveling

--> variety of motives

Background & History

  • 3rd century B.C to 4th century A.D --> Roman gladiator battles
  • Middle Ages --> public executions & burning of witches

Background & History

  • 19th century--> morgues in major cities
  • Nowadays --> more awareness through Social media & films

Gladiator fight in the famous colosseum in Rome

Public execution in France, 1939

"La Morgue" in Paris, 19th Century

Miniseries about the nuclear disaster happened in Chernobyl

Movie scene from "The fault in our stars"

Anne Franks famous diary, originally published 1947

Visitor numbers of the Anne-Frank-House in Amsterdam (Steinecke, A., p. 31, 2021)

3. Types & Examples

Types & Examples

1. Locations of holocaust & genocide

2. Battlefields & military facilities/museums

3. Locations of terrorist attacks, natural disasters & nuclear accidents

4. Slums, townships & poor areas

5. Tombs & cemeteries

6. Former prisons

7. Commercial "dark visitor offers"

1.

Concentration camp memorial Auschwitz, Poland

Holocaust

Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Berlin

Statistic

Most visited Holocaust Memorials & museums in Europe (Steinecke, A. , p. 74/75)

Rwandan genocide 1994

Genocide

Kigali Genocide Memorial

Attack on Pearl Harbor 1941

2.

USS Arizona Memorial in Honolulu, Hawaii

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima in 1945

Battlefields

Peace Memorial Museum & park in Hiroshima, Japan

National September 11 Memorial Plaza or Ground Zero in New York

3.

Attack on the WTC on 11.09.2001

National September 11 Memorial & Museum

Earthquake & tsunami in Banda Aceh in 2004

Natural disasters

Aceh Tsunami Museum in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Nuclear accidents

Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986

Dharavi Slum in Mumbai, India

4.

Kibera Slum in Nairobi, Kenia

Townships

Bicycle tour inside the township Soweto close to Johannesburg

Taj Mahal in Agra, India

5.

Tomb chamber inside

Pyramids of Giza in Egypt

Tombs

"Happy cemetery" in Sapanta, Romania

Cemeteries

Elvis Presley Grave in Memphis, Tennessee

6.

Alcatraz federal penitentiary in San Francisco, California

Robben Island in Cape Town, South Africa

Former prisons

Nelson Mandelas cell

Ghost walk in Liverpool

7.

Ghost tour in St. Augustine

Berlin Dungeon

Horror adventure worlds

Haunted Mansion at Disneyland

Body worlds exhibition

"Dark" museums & exhibitions

Torture museum in Amsterdam

Statistic

Percentages of remembrance in different attractions (Steinecke, A. , p.515, 2021)

4. Ethical Point

of View

Ethical Point of View

  • commoditization of death and disaster for profit

  • social distinction

  • amusement and benefit from the suffering of other people --> voyeurism

  • adventure & novelty --> craving for sensation

  • disrespect towards places and victims

Motives

Motives

  • personal memory & grief

  • confrontation & acceptance of death and/or horrible events

  • historic & cultural interests

  • ethical & moral duty or a sense of guilt

  • education

5. Future

Future

  • supply is better researched than demand

  • unbroken trend --> more than a niche in the tourism industry

  • numbers and visitors will rise again after Covid 19

Sources

Books: Dark Tourism from Albrecht Steinecke, 2021

Article: Die Faszination für Orte des Leidens und Schreckens from Tim Harms, 2021

Internet:

https://prezi.com/pvhulgdkrqpx/dark-tourism/

https://www.focus.de/reisen/dark-tourism-warum-immer-mehr-touristen-gruseltouren-machen_id_9376679.html

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38095097.pdf

https://tracksandthecity.de/schwarzer-tourismus/

https://hotel-student.de/dark-tourism/

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