Highlights: Wk 2 Ss 1_L20

Recap

Introduce:

• Assignment 1 Part 1
• Unit 1 Activity 6
• Short writing task:
• Write a short article discussing the problems and limitations of speed dating
• between 250 to 300 words
• by 1 October, coming Friday

Summarising (P. 56)

What is it?

Summarising

To state briefly the main points or ideas

Avoid adding your own opinions and evaluation.

How to do it?

Underline

Main ideas

Delete

Details and examples

Main ideas, use shorter or more concise words, synonyms

Rewrite

and

rearrange

Words and/or sentences for coherence

Example of summarising (P. 56)

Underline

Overall, the first two quarters of 2008 have been profitable to the company. Nineteen of twenty departments report cutting costs at least twenty percent, and sales from fifteen departments have risen five percent, or about $5 million. Despite these positive developments, most department heads believe that they will not be able to maintain these levels for the remainder of the year.

Example of summarising (P. 56)

Why?

Examples!

Delete

Nineteen of twenty

departments report cutting costs at least twenty percent,

and sales from fifteen departments have risen five percent

Overall, the first two quarters of 2008 have been profitable to the company. Nineteen of twenty departments report cutting costs at least twenty percent, and sales from fifteen departments have risen five percent, or about $5 million. Despite these positive developments, most department heads believe that they will not be able to maintain these levels for the remainder of the year.

or about $5 million.

Example of summarising (P. 56)

Not yet

Finish?

Not rewrite and rearrange

Overall, the first two quarters of 2008 have been profitable to the company. Despite these positive developments, most department heads believe that they will not be able to maintain these levels for the remainder of the year.

Example of summarising (P. 57)

Final product:

The first half of 2008 has been profitable, but the rest of the year is not expected to be as good.

Summarizing practice

Summarize in about 180 words the text 'Spare the rod, save the child'.

Your summary should outline the situation briefly, and then focus on the causes of the prevalence of corporal punishment in Kenya. You must write in paragraphs with full sentences and you must not copy indiscriminately from the passage.

Summarizing practice

Points to remember:

• Word limit: 180
• Outline the situation, focusing on the causes

Summarizing practice

Underline + Delete

Summarizing practice

Not about implications

Summarizing practice

So far all about the situation How about causes?

Summarizing practice

Summarizing practice

Summarizing practice

Nothing to do with the situation and the causes

Key ideas:

Situation:

What has happened/ is happening?

• Omanga's case not isolated

• 6 deaths in the last four years

• Some suffered serious injuries

• often punished for petty offences:
• coming late to school
• wearing a torn uniform

Key ideas:

Causes:

• Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs
• Large class sizes
• Not banned as difficulties in prosecution

Key ideas:

Causes:

• Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs

• In favour of corporal punishment

• Would descend into chaos

• Children would become even more unruly

• Less rather than more violence

Key ideas:

Causes:

• Large class sizes

• One of the few disciplinary tools available given large class sizes

• Teacher-pupil ratio: 1:31

• Class of 50-60 students are common

• Burden heaviest in rural areas with teachers' posts left vacant

Key ideas:

• Not banned as difficulties in prosecution:

• Attempt to ban

• Fail because of teachers' oppositions

• No teacher has been convicted

Summarising practice

After underlining all key ideas and deleting irrelevant details and examples,

rewrite and rearrange to achieve coherence

Final Product

180 words