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Environmental Barriers To Development

Development Overview

Development is the process by which a country improves wealth, health and quality of life for its inhabitants, therefore a barrier to development is when a country is restricted by these priorities which can lead to social, economic, political and environmental barriers.

How is Development Measured?

Measuring Development

Development is measured using H.D.I. The indicators of this measurement are the life expectancy rates, education and GNI (per capita). The positives of life expectancy is that its estimated at any age, wheras its disadvantage is that it does not directly address non-fatal health outcomes, which makes GNI per capita a better indicator as its more useful and accurate indicator

Norway

Example Of A country with high HDI

An example of a country with a high HDI value is Norway, as it has 99% literacy rate, 355.2 billion dollars, and 82.91 years of life expectancy, this is because of its succeeding economy, education and hospitality

Niger

Example of a Country with Low HDI

An example of country with a low HDI is Niger as its has a literacy rate of 35.05%, 1210 dollars and 62.42 years of life expectancy, this is because of its lack of education wealth and hospitals, and also because of its climate changes

Category Overview

There are 4 categories of barriers to development, Social, Economic, Environmental and political barriers. Each one of these categories have different examples of how they are a barrier to development

Social and Economic Barriers

Social Barriers- Literacy rate

Death rate

and Life expectancy

Economic Barriers -

GNI per capita

Political barriers -

Censorship

Travel bans

and Colonization

Environmental Barriers-

Landlocked

Climate change

Natural Disasters

and Terrain

Environmental and Political Barriers

Most Significant Barrier

Most Significant Barriers To Development

Environmental Barriers are the most significant barriers because they can affect a countries development rapidly and effectively therefore, its a major barrier due to terrain, being landlocked, natural disasters and climate change. A lot of countries have been limited because of these environmental barriers such as Niger, Philippines, Japan and more.

Environmental Barriers

What are these Barriers and why are they significant

Landlocked: Being landlocked gives a country a lot of challenges to face for its accesses and eases to the sea. This leads the country to a political and economic disadvantage. Therefore, a lot of countries such as Kyrgyzstan and Laos look for sea access even if its gonna take a lot of its wealth.

Natural Disasters: Natural Disasters have affected more than 3 billion people and cost over $2 trillion economic losses. A lot of citizens have lost homes, and a lot of businesses too have been shut down. For example, earthquakes have cost Japan over $200bn which was equivalent to 3% of Japans Gdp

Climate change: Extreme climate can hinder development for example being too hot, or too cold, too wet or too dry. Alot of countries are limited because of climate change which limits their food source and wealth. Many of these countries, like Burkina Faso for example, are prone to drought and famine. Some of the poorest least developed countries are in the Sahel zone of Africa, like Mali and Chad.

These countries have severe climatic problems, like drought, which can hamper development. This means they are unable to produce enough food to feed their populations. Money has to be borrowed for this, instead of it being invested in development projects.

The map below shows some of the areas, recently affected by natural hazards.

Other Environmental Barriers

• Mozambique has suffered serious flooding in recent years.

• The Philippines has been devastated by Typhoon Haiyan.

• Pakistan and Haiti have been affected by massive earthquakes.

• Ethiopia is currently affected by drought

Physical Geography

Physical Geography: Physical geography puts a country's development on a lot of income level and income growth charge which makes it almost impossible for the country to develop quickly. It also influences the development of occupied cities in a country. Such as dry deserts, high mountains and isolation of an island.For example, A country that's located in a bad geography is Haiti as it suffers with earthquakes, hurricanes and climate change

Sources

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/getWSDoc.php?id=2488#:~:text=Disasters%20have%20a%20devastating%20impact,cancel%20progress%20on%20poverty%20reduction.

https://unece.org/transport/news/addressing-challenges-faced-landlocked-developing-countries-europe-and-asia

https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-does-geography-affect-trade/

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2007/393511/IPOL-ENVI_ET(2007)393511_EN.pdf

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zt666sg/revision/2

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