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James Monroe was born on April 28, 1758 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He married Elizabeth Kortright in 1782. They had two daughters, and a son who died in infancy. James Monroe died on July 4, 1831.
James Monroe attended William and Mary, but dropped out to join the army. He got shot in a battle and left the army to study law under Thomas Jefferson. He supported James Madison in creating the Constitution, and formed the Democratic-Republican Party with Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
Virginia Assembly (1782)
Congress of the Confederation (1783-1789)
VA Senator (1790-1794)
Minister to France (1794-1796)
Governor of Virginia (1799-1802)
Minister to Great Britain (1803-1807)
Governor of Virginia (1811)
Secretary of State (1811-1817)
Secretary of War (1814-1815)
President (1817-1825)
Major Events
James Monroe lost the 1808 election to James Madison, but later defeated Rufus King in the 1816 election by a landslide. He won re-election four years later. During his presidency, Monroe focused on becoming a global power, improving infrastructure, and expansion. Monroe was liked during his presidency, and still is because of his foreign policy.
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When James Madison took office in 1817 Americans were feeling good after the War of 1812. In addition, the Federalist Party had died, and Americans were no longer fighting over politics.
Due to low trade with Europe, and banks loans large sums of money, the United States faced their first economic depression in 1819.
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Missouri wanted to join the Union in 1818, but that would upset the balance of slave and free states. So, Maine was created as a free state, and Missouri was created as a slave state. In addition, slavery in the Louisiana Territory was outlawed, and all states below the 36 degree line of latitude were slave states, while states above that line were free states.
In 1823, James Monroe addressed to congress the Monroe Doctrine. In it, he declared an end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
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During Monroe's presidency five states joined the Union.
Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818), Alabama (1819), Maine (1820), and Missouri (1821).
In addition, James Monroe bought Florida from Spain for 5 million dollars in 1819.
After the end of his presidency, Monroe moved back to his farm in Virginia, and helped create a new state constitution. His wife died in 1830, so he moved in with his daughter in New York. He died the next year.
James Monroe's farm named Highland.
1. "If we look to the history of other nations, ancient or modern we find no example of a growth so rapid, so gigantic, of a people so prosperous and happy."
2. "Our country maybe likened to a new house. We lack many things, but we possess the most precious of all-liberty!"
This quote relates to his presidency because America was new and still figuring things out, but they were a democracy, so people had more freedoms than citizens of other nations.
This quote relates to Monroe's presidency because America was still very young during his presidency, and he was in office during the Era of Good Feelings, so people were feeling good.
1. James Monroe and George Washington were the only presidents to run in a one party election.
2. He held more public offices than any other president (50 years).
3. The capital of Liberia, Monrovia, is named after James Monroe, because he supported an organization that founded the city for freed African Americans to return to Africa.
4. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and James Monroe all died on July 4. However, Monroe's death came five years after Jefferson and Adams.
5. James Monroe's farm Highland, is adjacent to Monticello.
6. Monroe spent the winter in Valley Forge with George Washington.
Pictures
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blackpast.org
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whitehousehistory.org
history.com
highland.org