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TIA Pathophysiology Presentation
2
Transient Ischemic Attack
Fab 16/2023
Elan Faubert
Commonly known as a TIA
What is it?
-Formally known as a transient ischemic attack
-Considered to be a mini stroke that occurs in the brain
-Happens due to a lack of oxygen distribution to the brain
-Clinical manifestations present as stroke symptoms but may not carry lasting/permanant effects
Definition
Cause/Risk Factors
& Signs and Symptoms
-Buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) travelling through an artery may buildup causing a block of blood supply (oxygen) to the brain
-Family history, increase in age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and high cholesterol all increase the risk of a TIA
Etiology
FAST
Similar to the syptoms we might see following a stroke, a TIA presents similar clinical manifestations.
F- facial drooping
A- unable to raise Arms
S- slurred speech
T- time is crutial
Priority assessments include:
-60 second assessment
-Head to toe assessment
-Focused neurological assessment to monitor LOC and altered mental status
-Focused MSK with strength testing to monitor bilateral changes that may occur in the extremities following a TIA
Assessments
How is a TIA Diagnosed?
A TIA is typically dignosed through an MRI scan that confirms damage to the brain through radio waves
Complications
-Can eventually lead to a stroke with long term complications and impairments to one side of the body
-insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain
-further lack of mobility due to one sided impairments can cause a DVT or further blood clot
-increased risk for skin breakdown when non mobile
-decreased LOC and neurological function
Antiplatelet medication to avoid a further blockage of blood such as ASA, asprin
Anticoagulant medications such as Warfarin or Heprin to decrease risk of further blood clot
-Ex. Ramipril to treat high blood pressure (ACE inhibitor) if prescribed to patient for prevention
Endarterectomy
-surgical procedure in which fatty deposites are removed from the arteries to prevent further block of blood supply to the brain
Treatment
Patient Teaching
-smoking cessation
-avoid heavy alcohol consumption
-low fat, low salt, high protein diet to prevent further atherosclerosis
-manage hypertension and high cholesterol
-if patient is diabetic monitor blood sugars closely
-regular excersize
-importance of reconizing S+S of a TIA to seek medical asstention ASAP
References
Nursing Central
image: https://www.healthnavigator.org.nz/health-a-z/t/transient-ischaemic-attack/
image: https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/carotid-endarterectomy
image: https://www.ebmedicine.net/media_library/files/0113%20TIA.pdf