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Wichita Tribe

Rowan Connor

My Topics;

Geographic Location

The Wichita Tribe lived in the plains, so they mostly grew corn, beans, squash, pumpkin, and tobacco, as well as hunted bison, dear, antolope, or even bears. They used houses that were made out of grass, and looked like hay bails. They were plains indians, so the weather was very hot and dry where they lived, in the areas of Oklahoma and Texas. They originally lived near the Arkansas river. The tribe was from 1750 - 1820.

Geographic location

Woman Holding braided squash

This is a Map of the plains with the Plains Indians tribes on it

Map

Housing

Like I said in the last slide, the Wichita tribe mostly lived in grass houses, but when they went on hunting trips, thhey lived in Teepees. They lived in these on hunting trips because the teepees were easy to take down. The grass houses they used looked like hay bails, with stout poles as framework. Their beds were inside the houses on elevated platforms, and there was a firehole in the center. There were doorways in these houses that faced the east, and the west. Lastly there was a smoke hole on the side of the roof.

Grass houses

IImportant Person

Christopher Keyes Scott was an important person in the Wichita tribe because he is a veteran from the army. He was a member of the Wichita tribe because of the amount of Wichita tribe blood. There were many others that served, but this specific person seemed most important because he had his picture on the official website.

Important Person

CClothing

Clothing

The Wichita tribe had lots of different clothing, for all different people. The men wore a breechcloth, and the woman wearing a short skirt and a poncho. They loved tatoos, and they put them under their eyes like how a raccoon would look, and that earned them the name Kitikiti'sh which means raccoon eyes. They also sometimes wore leather leggings, as well as moccasins for shoes. Both genders wore earings. Men were also usually shirtless, but in the winter both genders wore buffalo robes. The men also cut their hair in a mowhawk, or shaved their heads. The woman wore their hair in a braid, a bun, or down. They sometimes made their hair more impressive by using a colorful porcupine roach which is a head ornament.

Breechcloth

Crafts

This tribe did crafts to keep themselves busy during this time, but also to store things and for ther personal enjoyment. These crafts included pottery, beadmaking, and buffalo hide paintings. The pottery they did was mostly for storing corn. The beads they used for beadmaking was made out of natural materials including shells. They also made sandpaintings which are religious art. Lastly, they made decoration and functional items like teepee covers, leather war shirts, etc.

Pottery used for storing corn

Religion

Religion

The Wichita had a lot of gods related to nature, as well as structures called council circles. Historians think that it might be cerimonial or for solstice or defensive purposes. There were deer dances and ceramonies for the ill that were performed by medicine men known as Shaman, and this happened when the first grass appeared and when the corn was ripened and harvested. In 1835 they signed a peace treaty with warring tribes, and they also belived that life revolved from one thing to the next. Kinnikasus (which means man never known to earth) was the sprit that they belived ruled all over Wichita's. They Worshiped many other gods like one in the sun called “Man reflecting light”, the one in the moon called “Bright shining Woman”, the one in the water called “Woman forever in the water”, and lastly “Morning Star”, as well as "Earth Mother".

People of wichita tribe doing a dance

Cultural Characteristics

In the Wichita culture it was very important to tell stories. They also spoke two languages, the Wichita language and the Kichai language (They were both Caddoan languages). They were farmers, and they collected fruits and nuts to eat. They usually didn't travel by water, but when they did they built rafts. When they were moving over land they used dog pulling travois that helped carry their belongings. They did not use horses until the europeans came and brought them. Wichita comes from the Choctow word meaning "big arbor", referring to the grass arbors that they built. The Spanish called them jumanjo, meaning drummer, referring to the summoning councils they did, and they used a drum in those. They were part of a larger group that all spoke the same language.

Cultural Characteristics

Dog pulling travois

Wichita Today

Today the people of the Wichita tribe live in oklahoma. The tribe owns the Sugar Creek Casino, some restaurants, Sugar Creek Event Center, and Hinton Travel Inn in Hinton. They also own a smoke shop, Travel Plaza, and a Historical Center in Anadarko. In 2010 their annual economical impact was 4.5 Million. The population started at around 200,000 people with 1,000 to 1,250 people in each village. In 1937 there were only 100 Wichita’s left. In 2011 there were up to 2,501 enrolled Wichita’s again. The Minimum blood quantum to be enrolled was 1/32. This means that you have to have 1/32 Wichita blood to be enrolled in the Wichita community.

Wichita today

Sugar Creek Casino

Works sited

  • http://www.bigorrin.org/wichita_kids.htm
  • https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Wichita/340412
  • https://kids.kiddle.co/Wichita_people#Economic_development
  • https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/north-american-indigenous-peoples/wichita-indians
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_people#:~:text=Today%2C%20Wichita%20tribes%2C%20which%20include,Keechi%2C%20Waco%20and%20Tawakoni
  • https://wichitatribe.com/culture/wichita-veterans.aspx
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